Two new studies led by scientists at The Scripps Research Institute advance efforts to produce HIV vaccine candidates, potentially suitable for large-scale production.
The rapid development of a safe and effective vaccine to prevent the Zika virus (ZIKV) is a global priority, as infection in pregnant women has been shown to lead to fetal microcephaly and other major birth defects. The World Health Organization declared the Zika virus epidemic a global public health emergency on February 1, 2016.
Saint Louis University's vaccine center has been tapped by the National Institutes of Health to conduct a human clinical trial of a vaccine to prevent the Zika virus, which can cause devastating birth defects in babies.
The first and only study to look at isolate HIV-neutralizing antibodies from infants has found that novel antibodies that could protect against many variants of HIV can be produced relatively quickly after infection compared to adults.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved initiation of the first phase I human trial for a Zika vaccine, based on new research with key findings generated in the lab of David B. Weiner, Ph.D., executive vice president, director of the Vaccine Center, and the W.W. Smith Endowed Chair in Cancer Research at The Wistar Institute.
Using unmanned drones to deliver vaccines in low- and middle-income countries may save money and improve vaccination rates, new research led by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center suggests.
With $42 million in funding from the National Institutes of Health, scientists from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) will lead a five-year research initiative to advance efforts to cure and prevent HIV/AIDS. Dan Barouch, MD, PhD, Director of the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research at BIDMC, and Louis Picker, MD, Assistant Director of the OHSU Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, will lead a consortium of researchers from across the country exploring the mechanisms behind promising new HIV vaccine candidates and potential cure strategies.
By combining local radiation therapy and anti-cancer vaccines with checkpoint inhibitors, researchers from the University of Chicago – working with mice – were able to increase the response rate for these new immunotherapy agents. This sequence of treatments could open up unresponsive tumors to immune cell infiltration, boosting immunologic control of tumor growth.
In a milestone years in the making, a vaccine to prevent cholera was approved today by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The vaccine, Vaxchora, is the only approved vaccine in the U.S. for protection against cholera. Its licensure allows for use in people traveling to regions in which cholera is common, including travelers, humanitarian aid workers, and the military.
Diverse antibodies induced in humans by vaccination with an avian influenza virus vaccine may offer broader, more durable protection against multiple strains of influenza than today’s vaccines typically provide, according to a study
Researchers from the University of Birmingham are working with health partners in Brazil to combat the spread of Zika virus by deploying a pair of mobile DNA sequencing laboratories on a medical ‘road trip’ through the worst-hit areas of the country.
Conventional vaccines indiscriminately destroy bacteria and other disease-causing agents. The approach works, but there is growing concern that it creates opportunity other pathogens to harm the body – similar to antibiotic resistance resulting in new and more potent pathogens. A new, protein-based pneumococcal vaccine takes a different approach. It allows pneumonia-causing bacteria to colonize in the body and – like a nightclub bouncer – swings into action only if the bacteria becomes harmful.
It's thought that antibiotic resistance is associated with a fitness cost, meaning that bacteria that develop antibiotic resistance must sacrifice something in order to do so. Because of this, proper use of antibiotics should result in susceptible strains eventually replacing resistant ones.
Recently, University of Missouri researchers proposed that open communication about the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) could improve public trust that vaccines are safe, thereby increasing vaccine acceptance. Findings from the study suggest that data and stories may not increase the public’s acceptance of vaccines.
Vaccines are usually medicine’s best defense against the world’s deadliest microbes. However, HIV is so mutable that it has so far effectively evaded both the human immune system and scientists’ attempts to make an effective vaccine to protect against it. Now, researchers have figured out how to make a much-improved research tool that they hope will open the door to new and better HIV vaccine designs.
“It’s the diarrhea that can kill you,” noted professor emeritus David Francis, an expert on colibacillosis, an intestinal disease that affects newborn and weanling pigs. The toxin-producing E. Coli bacterium that causes the swine disease is similar to the organism responsible for traveler’s diarrhea in humans. Francis will speak at the 24th International Veterinary Conference in Dublin, Ireland, June 7-10.
Each year, influenza causes between 250,000 and half a million deaths around the world. Now a new study has shown that immunizing mothers against flu can decrease by 70 percent the risk of their infants getting flu during the first four months after birth. This is the largest study so far to show that maternal vaccination against flu is feasible and effective in resource-poor environments.
An early-stage clinical trial at Roswell Park will assess whether the SurVaxM cancer vaccine is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with multiple myeloma, in combination with lenalidomide
Countries that implement government-mandated vaccinations for chickenpox see a sharp drop in the number of Google searches for the common childhood disease afterward, demonstrating that immunization significantly reduces seasonal outbreaks.
Spring snowpack, relied on by ski resorts and water managers throughout the Western United States, may be more vulnerable to a warming climate in coming decades, according to a new University of Utah study.
Known as a definitive source for health care providers, "The Vaccine Handbook" is now available as an app.
A relatively unknown molecule that functions like the engine of the cell and regulates metabolism could be the key to boosting an individual’s immunity to the flu – and potentially other viruses.
Yearly flu shots are strongly recommended for adults with certain chronic illnesses, but patients of racial/ethnic minority groups are less likely to receive them. Perceived discrimination may be a contributing factor, but can't completely explain the racial/ethnic disparity, reports a study in the June issue of Medical Care. The journal is published by Wolters Kluwer.
Chris Destache, Pharm.D., earned a National Institutes for Health grant last year to look into using HIV drug nanoparticles fabricated with a FDA-approved biocompatible polymer and how those drug-ladened nanoparticles can be used to help prevent HIV.
Researchers from the GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences received a $2.1 million U01 grant from the NIH to begin work on a phase 1 clinical trial to test a hookworm vaccine in an endemic area of Brazil.
A team of researchers led by University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine virologist Yoshihiro Kawaoka describes a novel strategy to predict the antigenic evolution of circulating influenza viruses and give science the ability to more precisely anticipate seasonal flu strains. It would foster a closer match for the so-called “vaccine viruses” used to create the world’s vaccine supply.
A project by UT Southwestern Medical Center students is being recognized at a White House ceremony today for their outstanding commitment to increasing hepatitis awareness as part of the annual National Hepatitis Testing Day observance.
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Researchers from UAB, Emory and Microsoft demonstrate that HIV has evolved to be pre-adapted to the immune response, worsening clinical outcomes in newly infected patients.
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Betty Chen, a third-year student at Saint Louis University School of Medicine, wanted to know what made Missouri's HPV vaccine rates so low compared with other U.S. states. She was recently awarded the 2016 Alpha Omega Alpha Carolyn L. Kuckein Student Research Fellowship.
Immunotherapy advances apply to animal health
A study found that 97 percent of confirmed flu cases among babies 6 months and younger occurred in those whose moms were not vaccinated while they were pregnant.
LA JOLLA, CA—Follicular helper T cells (Tfh cells), a rare type of T cells, are indispensible for the maturation of antibody-producing B cells. They promote the proliferation of B cells that produce highly selective antibodies against invading pathogens while weeding out those that generate potentially harmful ones. In their latest study, researchers at La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology identified a key signal that drives the commitment of immature Tfh cells into fully functional Tfh cells and thus driving the step-by-step process that results in a precisely tailored and effective immune response.
Program's first clinical trial will study whether giving the vaccine to mothers in the last part of pregnancy may keep the newborn safe from the RSV during the most vulnerable first several months.
The findings, published in the journal Vaccine, suggest administering vaccinations in the morning, rather than the afternoon, could induce greater, and thus more protective, antibody responses.
Vaccines and therapeutics developed using mice sometimes don’t work as expected in humans. New research at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis points to the near-sterile surroundings of laboratory mice as a key reason. When the researchers infected laboratory mice with the mouse equivalent of microbes that cause common infections in humans, the infections changed the animals’ immune systems so they were more similar to adult humans’.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Veterinary Medicine (SVM) have developed one of the first mouse models for the study of Zika virus. The model will allow researchers to better understand how the virus causes disease and aid in the development of antiviral compounds and vaccines.
With the re-emergence of measles, mumps, diphtheria, and other vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), many healthcare providers are encountering these diseases—and their potentially serious and even fatal outcomes—for the first time. A special article in Anesthesia & Analgesia presents a review and update for hospital-based providers who may encounter VPDs—particularly the operating room and intensive care unit.
New research in monkeys exposed to SIV, the animal equivalent of HIV, reveals what happens in the very earliest stages of infection, before virus is even detectable in the blood, which is a critical but difficult period to study in humans. The findings, published online today in the journal Cell, have important implications for vaccine development and other strategies to prevent infection.
HIV vaccine candidate has shown to generate more than 80% protection in groups of twelve female monkeys against high dose, repeated AIDS virus exposures during part of a preclinical study.
The University of California, San Diego, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology and The Scripps Research Institute have teamed up to create the “Mesa Consortium,” a new scientific hub for the Human Vaccines Project. Under a collaborative agreement, the Mesa Consortium and the Human Vaccine Project aim to transform current understanding of the human immune system and expedite development of vaccines and biologics to prevent and treat many global diseases.
Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) and collaborating institutions have described the first-ever immature or “teenage” antibody found in a powerful class of immune molecules effective against HIV.
A combined vaccine therapy including live Salmonella is a safe and effective way to prevent diabetes in mice and may point to future human therapies, a new study finds. The results will be on Sunday, April 3, at ENDO 2016, the annual meeting of the Endocrine Society, in Boston.
Now, new research from The Wistar Institute has demonstrated how a novel vaccine strategy that boosts the immune system by rapidly producing antibodies against CHIKV, combined with a traditional DNA-based vaccine approach, can provide both short term and long term protection against the virus. Study results are published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases.
Researchers at the University of Georgia and Sanofi Pasteur, the vaccines division of Sanofi, announced today the development of a vaccine that protects against multiple strains of both seasonal and pandemic H1N1 influenza in mouse models. They published their findings in the Journal of Virology.
A University of California, Irvine scientific team led by infectious diseases researchers Philip Felgner and Aaron Esser-Kahn has received $8 million from the U.S. Department of Defense’s Defense Threat Reduction Agency to help develop a new vaccine for Q fever.
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