A team of engineers and surgeons led by a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at NC State University, is using computer simulation to pioneer new, experimental methods of designing synthetic arteries, veins and bypass grafts.
Hurricane season starts June 1 and experts from Florida State University and its world renowned meterology program are available to answer media questions and give perspective to news stories as the season unfolds.
Two families of viruses, which were previously thought to be related and later were considered unrelated, are celebrating a scientific family reunion of sorts. The report provides new insights on how many insect-borne viruses are structured and how they infect cells.
A mycologist at the University of Georgia has shown for the first time that crucial cell "scaffold" proteins called septins belong to one of four classes. The discovery could help unlock more information about septins, which are found in most animals.
Physicists at the University of California, San Diego who last year produced a new class of composite materials believed to reverse the behavior of many fundamental electromagnetic properties associated with materials, have experimentally verified the first of these predicted reversals.
Scientists exploring a remote area of the central Indian Ocean seafloor two and one-half miles deep have found animals that look like fuzzy snowballs and chimney-like structures two stories tall spewing super-heated water full of toxic metals.
A undergraduate biomedical engineering major at Johns Hopkins is conducting ground-breaking research to help scientists find out how human tooth enamel is affected by acids that reach the mouth through acid reflux, a common digestive disorder.
Streams are vibrant ecosystems, and the smallest streams remove as much as half of the inorganic nitrogen that enters them, according to researchers from more than a dozen institutions. (Science, 4-6-01)
A species of small wolf spiders' has been found to possess "an early warning system" to detect danger - a system triggered by traces of silk and excrement left by predators - which reduces the spiders' desire to eat and reproduce. (Animal Behaviour, 2-01)
A team of researchers has discovered an effective way to move small amounts of fluid around miniscule channels. Their work may one day lead to the creation of a lab on a chip, or a hand-held device, which could be used in medicine, research and industry to provide on-the-spot diagnosis, experimentation and monitoring.
Oceanographers have been awarded a grant to examine the deep biosphere of the Earth and the "extremophile" communities that thrive there as part of a grant from NASA's Astrobiology Institute. Research will aid the search for sub-surface life on other planets through exploration and documentation of such life on Earth.
Sandia National Laboratories and the Ann Arbor, Mich.-based company Ardesta have joined forces through a new partnership agreement to transfer Labs-developed microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and microsystems technologies to start-up companies in the commercial sector.
A progressive warming of tropical oceans, likely due to the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, is driving major climate changes observed in the Northern Hemisphere since 1950, according to a new study. (Science, 4-6-01)
The way to panda extinction may be paved with good intentions. Panda habitat is being destroyed quicker inside the world's most high-profile protected nature reserve than in adjacent areas of China that are not protected. (Science)
Scientists developing photonic devices for optical and electronic applications may get a boost from a new process for "cutting" 3-D arrays of holes in a polymer material. (Science, 4-6-01)
Small streams remove more nutrients such as nitrogen from water than do their larger counterparts, according to researchers who have applied sampling methods developed in a National Science Foundation Arctic area ecological study to waterways across the nation.
The Science@NASA family of web sites received a prestigious international honor, the 2000 Pirelli INTERNETional Award, which recognizes excellence in science communications and "the spread of science culture" using the Internet.
A Johns Hopkins University undergraduate developed tiny biodegradable plastic particles that could be used in an aerosol spray to carry DNA vaccines and other important medications deep into human lungs.
A fundamentally new process called controlled etching of dislocations developed at Cornell University has produced an array of tiny "nanobumps" just 25 nanometers across (about 75 atoms), six times smaller than the smallest component of a commercial microprocessor. (Applied Physics Letters, 4-9-01)
The detection of very high-energy gamma rays from x-ray emitting galaxies may signal the existence of a new constituent in the cosmos- "extreme" galaxies. The discovery of such galaxies confirms that very bright galaxies which strongly emit the highest energy x-rays also emit the most energetic gamma-rays.
What scientists suspect might be ancient ocean shorelines on the northern plains of Mars is actually a network of tectonic ridges related to dramatic martian volcanism. (Nature, 4-5-01)
Using test-tube analysis and studies in mice, the UCSD researchers identified a protein called a keratinocyte differentiation-inducing factor, or kDIF, which is required for the production of the thin layer of fibrous (keratinized) epidermal cells on the skin's surface. (Nature, 3-5-01)
Conventional wisdom that tropical regions have more tree biomass than temperate zones seems to be wrong. The amount of tree biomass in any two given similar-sized areas is virtually identical, according to a new study by Karl J. Niklas of Cornell and Brian J. Enquist of the University of Arizona. (Nature, 4-5-01)
A Cornell University experiment on a fly-sized treadmill shows that a tiny fly with super-acute hearing can not only match the species thought to have the best directional hearing --"Homo sapiens" -- but it does so with a fraction of the head space. (Nature, April 5, 2001)
The chance discovery of a long-sought catalyst had led to an entirely new class of rubbery plastics produced in the laboratory at Cornell University. Because the material uses two common and inexpensive petroleum products, ethylene and polyethylene, the research promises greatly reduced production costs.
Storage of the nation's excess actinide metals, including plutonium and uranium, present a myriad of problems from pollution concerns to proliferation risk. Solid-state chemists at the Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory have discovered a new reaction process that may prove to be a solution to some of the most serious storage problems.
A list of four Purdue University experts who can discuss various aspects of livestock diseases: disease pathologies, disease outbreaks, economic implications and trade policies.
The Office of Management and Budget will release the President's Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2002 on Monday, April 9. National Science Foundation officials will meet with the media to discuss its implications for NSF during a media briefing and availability from 12:30 to 1:30 p.m.
Dramatic images of the largest sunspot to appear in a decade are available from the National Science Foundation's (NSF) National Solar Observatory.
Working at the nanometer level, researchers are dispersing clay particles in polymer to create nylon, resins, and plastics that offer improved performance and mechanical properties.
For someone with partial hearing loss, picking out a voice in a crowded social gathering can be hard, even with the help of a hearing aid. That's about to change in a revolutionary way.
A cat with cancer is losing weight. What's an owner -- or even a veterinarian -- to do? A study beginning in April at the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine seeks to answer that question.
Scientists at the University of Illinois have a safer alternative to canoists and kayakers who may attmept to navigate the spillways of dams they encounter: properly designed passageways called canoe chutes.
The Gulf of Mexico experiences a periodic "dead zone" caused by an algal bloom. Sea grasses around the world have begun to disappear from saltwater ecosystems. Scientists know little about what makes an aquatic ecosystem work, let alone what makes it fall apart. Now a University of Arkansas researcher and her colleague have found that the basic processes in life under water change on a seasonal and even hourly basis.
Extinction is forever, but local extinctions offer a second chance, since a species that vanishes from one area may persist in another. Still, they sound a pretty clear warning of environmental distress.
Australia's largest river, the Murray, is suffering from reduced water flows, salinity. pollution and introduced feral pests, but even so, a new species of fish has emerged from its most degraded end.
Bioengineers at the University at Buffalo and Shriners Burns Hospital-Boston have created a genetically engineered skin that expresses a protein that promotes wound healing. It is believed to be the only artificial tissue designed to express keratinocyte growth factor, KGF. (FASEB Journal, 4-01)
A discovery by astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope supports the notion that the Universe is filled with a mysterious form of "dark energy" -- a possibility first proposed, then discarded, by Albert Einstein early in the last century.
NATO and NASA are joining forces to host an Advanced Study Institute for astrobiology in Crete, Sept 29-Oct 10, 2001.
Liquid carbon dioxide breakouts rather than water probably created the martian gullies discovered last summer in high-resolution images from the Mars Global Surveyor orbiter camera. (Geophysical Research Letters, 4-1-01)
It's nomination-gathering season for the most improbable of all awards -- the Ig Nobel Prizes. A good-natured take-off on science and the Nobel Prizes, the Igs celebrate the unusual, honor the imaginative, and spur interest in science -- both good and bad.
An engineering professor who sat in on a physics course to pursue his lifelong dream of understanding the general theory of relativity, not only reached that goal but came up with a new way of testing Einstein's masterwork. (Physical Review Letters, 4-2-01)
While the high-tech economy slides, Washington State University's Center for Design of Analog-Digital Integrated Circuits continues to grow, reaching a new record membership.
Geologists at North Carolina State University are working to unlock the secrets of sand transport and beach erosion along the sandy coast of North Carolina, where shallow, shifting shoals and violent currents have wrecked ships for hundreds of years.
Researchers at North Carolina State University and the N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources have found that toxic chemical compounds did not increase in eastern North Carolina rivers and streams during and after the Hurricane Floyd flooding of 1999.
On rusty-red Mars, a curious deposit of gray-colored hematite (a mineral cousin of common household rust) could hold the key to the mystery of elusive Martian water.
Slaying dragons by sword may be the stuff of Dark Ages folklore. But in 21st century America, a Purdue University Calumet engineering professor is doing his part to take the art of "dragon slaying" to a new level.
UA researchers have determined that an infrared ignition oven developed to test asphalt binder content is safer and more efficient than the standard ignition oven. They presented their findings 3-26-01 at the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists' Annual Meeting.
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