Bioengineers can tailor the genomes of cells to create “cellular therapies” that fight disease, but they have found it difficult to design specialized activating proteins called transcription factors that can throw the switch on bioengineered genes without occasionally turning on some of the cell’s naturally occurring genes.
Nanovesicles can be bioengineered to target cancer cells and deliver treatments directly, according to research at Binghamton University, State University of New York.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified a novel parameter of T cells that could help oncologists anticipate which patients would be most likely to develop immunotherapy toxicity. The findings, published in the Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, could lead to improved treatments for a variety of cancers.
Patients with the genetic disorder hemophilia A receive factor VIII protein replacement treatments to replenish this clotting protein in their blood, thus preventing dangerous bleeding. Unfortunately, about 30 percent of these patients develop antibodies against the treatment and until now, despite more than 80 years of clinical experience with this complication, little has been known about its mechanism.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory used neutrons and x-rays to draw a roadmap of every atom, chemical bond and electrical charge inside a key metabolic pathway in the body that cancer cells hijack and dramatically overuse to reproduce. The study essentially paves the way for developing new drugs that act as roadblocks that cut off the supply of vital resources to cancer cells. The drugs would be designed to target highly aggressive tumor-forming cancers that too often become terminal such as lung, colon, breast, pancreatic and prostate cancers.
A new study from clinicians and researchers at the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, U-M Department of Pathology and the Michigan Center for Translational Pathology reveals findings from over 800 clinical assays performed for kidney patients with MiTF family gene mutations.
Ever since gene editing became feasible, researchers and health officials have sought tools that can quickly and reliably distinguish genetically modified organisms from those that are naturally occurring. Now, such tools exist.
En todo el mundo, el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) es responsable de una gran proporción de los casos de cáncer de cabeza y cuello, según informa la Organización Mundial de la Salud.
No mundo todo, o papilomavírus humano (HPV) é responsável por grande parte dos cânceres de cabeça e pescoço, de acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde.
A new study presents a promising treatment method for so-called fusion-driven cancers, which are currently often difficult to cure. These fusion-driven cancers are caused by an error in cell division that creates a fusion of different genes. This fusion causes the cancer and drives the uncontrolled cell growth.
Researchers at The Jackson Laboratory have created a panel of genetically diverse mice that accurately model the highly variable human response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
While engaging in cell division research, Silke Hauf and members of her lab made a surprisingly quiet discovery. When cells express RNA, there are always some fluctuations, or noise, in how much RNA is produced. Hauf’s group found several genes whose noise dips below a previously established minimum threshold, known as the noise floor, during expression “We have solid data for this phenomenon,” said Hauf, associate professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at Virginia Tech.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have made a remarkable step forward in finding a potential cure for a type of childhood kidney disease.
Promising preclinical results from UC San Diego show hematopoietic stem cell therapy was effective in rescuing memory loss, neuroinflammation and beta amyloid build-up in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.
Innovative technology that creates ultra-thin layers of human cells in tube-like structures could spur development of lifelike blood vessels and intestines in the lab.
Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and RWJBarnabas Health have appointed Niketa C. Shah, MD, as chief of Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies at New Jersey’s leading cancer program.
The latest headlines from the Food and Water Safety channel on Newswise.
For the first time in Thailand, lecturers at Chulalongkorn University’s Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences have successfully developed antibody from tobacco plants with inhibitory effects on the growth of cancer cells in laboratory animals. This signals hope for access to effective cancer medication and treatment at a lower cost.
Loss of a gene known as SYNCRIP in prostate cancer tumors unleashes cellular machinery that creates random mutations throughout the genome that drive resistance to targeted treatments, a team led by UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers discovered. The findings, published in Cancer Cell, could lead to new interventions that thwart this process in prostate and other cancer types, making them far easier to treat.
A signaling protein known as STING is a critical player in the human immune system, detecting signs of danger within cells and then activating a variety of defense mechanisms.
In a breakthrough study, researchers have revealed a new understanding of the role played by RNA modification in the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The research pinpoints how the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), LINC00901, and its N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, contribute to the disease, offering a potential new avenue for therapeutic interventions.
Some of the open research questions revolving Wnt signalling revolve around the extraordinary complexity in the number of Wnt pathway members, functioning both inside, outside, and at the surface of cells, and how different outputs of the pathway are achieved via the use of specific members. A team of scientists, led by Professor Antónia Monteiro from the Department of Biological Sciences at the National University of Singapore’s Faculty of Science, has uncovered some of this complexity by using butterfly wings as a model system. Butterfly wings function as a large two-dimensional canvas of cells that talk to each other during development to pattern exquisite and detailed colour patterns.
University of Melbourne researchers have developed a fast, inexpensive and scalable method for engineering blood vessels from natural tissue.
Antiviral therapies are notoriously difficult to develop, as viruses can quickly mutate to become resistant to drugs. But what if a new generation of antivirals ignores the fast-mutating proteins on the surface of viruses and instead disrupts their protective layers?
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center’s Research Highlights showcases the latest breakthroughs in cancer care, research and prevention. These advances are made possible through seamless collaboration between MD Anderson’s world-leading clinicians and scientists, bringing discoveries from the lab to the clinic and back. Recent developments include a novel biomarker that may predict the aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer precursors, insights into the structure and function of a breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene, a new approach to overcoming treatment resistance in ovarian cancer, distinguishing features of young-onset rectal cancer, a biomarker and potential target for metastatic lung cancer, machine learning models to better predict outcomes of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and a promising therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory MCL.
CDx Diagnostics, Inc., developer of the WATS3D AI Platform for the detection and surveillance of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and dysplasia, reported positive data in a recently published study, Benefit of Adjunctive Wide Area Transepithelial Sampling with 3- Dimensional Computer-Assisted Analysis Plus Forceps Biopsy Based on Barrett's Esophagus Segment Length, in the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) journal GIE (Gastrointestinal Endoscopy).
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Viruses often mutate or hide themselves within cells. But by mimicking the way the immune system naturally deals with invaders, researchers reporting in ACS Infectious Diseases have developed a “peptoid” antiviral therapy that effectively inactivates three viruses in lab tests.
Cholesterol plays many critical roles in biology and medicine. Researchers have revealed for the first time how cholesterol behaves in cells at the atomistic level, information that could have broad implications for future studies of health and disease.
The availability, speed and effectiveness of genomic sequencing increased dramatically during the pandemic, as scientists worldwide rushed to find ways to track and predict the virus’s movement and evolution. It also was critical in the development of effective vaccines. In an essay published today, two NAU biologists argue that building on this momentum is critical in society’s response to future pandemics, but it requires significant collaboration and investment now, before the next pathogen is threatening society.
Researchers have discovered a new way to attack fungal infections. The key is to block fungi from being able to make fatty acids, the major component of fats.
A team of scientists led by the University of Oxford have achieved a significant breakthrough in detecting modifications on protein structures.
Para-cresol is an aromatic compound with a strong horse stable-like odor. It contributes to the off-flavor of some foods, but it is also detectable as a characteristic odorant in whiskey and tobacco, as well as in the urine of various mammals. A research team has now discovered which odorant receptor humans use to perceive para-cresol.
Human cells are constantly communicating, and some cells, particularly in cancer, are master manipulators, using these communications channels to persuade innocent bystander cells to collude and participate in tumor growth.
Ion channels play a crucial role in many cellular processes, including neuronal communication, muscle contraction or cell proliferation. Most multi subunit ion channels exist in two functional states, either closed or open. During gating, one should expect that all subunits undergo conformational changes. The absence of intermediate conduction levels is surprising and asks for an explanation. A team of researchers from the University of Vienna and the Washington University in St. Louis created a smart model system to answer this important question. The study is currently published in Nature Communications.
University of Oregon researchers have developed a system to get that protein to the site of injury and release it gradually over time.
Announcement of contents of the August 2023 issue of Neurosurgical Focus
University of Illinois scientists have identified a protein that plays a critical role in the action of several emerging cancer therapies. The discovery will likely aid efforts to fine-tune the use of immunotherapies against several challenging cancers.
Pilot awards, pre-doctoral fellowship awards and post-doctoral awards totaling $1.5 million were recently awarded to Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey investigators by the New Jersey Commission on Cancer Research (NJCCR).
Research from Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago found that direct injection of neonatal mesenchymal stem cells, derived from heart tissue discarded during surgery, reduces intestinal inflammation and promotes wound healing in a mouse model of Crohn’s disease-like ileitis, an illness marked by chronic intestinal inflammation and progressive tissue damage.
A metabolic by-product that is more prevalent during fasting may supercharge immune cells as they fight infection and disease, reports an early stage study by Van Andel Institute scientists and collaborators.
Scientists have found a way to use nanotechnology to create a 3D ‘scaffold’ to grow cells from the retina –paving the way for potential new ways of treating a common cause of blindness.
Systemic sclerosis is the scaring of multiple organs within the body resulting in difficulty in functioning for these organs. The disease can become deadly if the organ scaring isn’t treated properly. Researchers at the University of Michigan Health System have identified a protein in the disease that may be a new target for treatment.
A new study provides evidence for the possibility that mitochondrial dysregulation could be a contributing factor in the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The study is published in Physiological Genomics. It was chosen as an APSselect article for July.
Opioids remain the most potent and effective pain relievers in medicine, but they’re also among the most addictive drugs that can halt a person’s ability to breathe during an overdose — which can be deadly. Researchers have been racing to develop safer pain reliever drugs that target a specific opioid receptor, called the kappa opioid receptor, that is only found in the central nervous system and not elsewhere in the body, like other opioid receptors.
Niki Patel, MD, a fellowship-trained hematologist-oncologist board certified in internal medicine and medical oncology, has joined the Division of Medical Oncology at Cedars-Sinai Cancer. She is treating patients in Pasadena at Huntington Cancer Center at Huntington Health, an affiliate of Cedars-Sinai.
Support for early career researchers is about to get a major boost, thanks to a new fellowship fund established by leaders at La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) and Japan-based global pharmaceutical corporation, Kyowa Kirin, Inc.
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