Identifying tuberculosis patients in Africa using passive methods is leaving many cases undiagnosed, according to researchers from the Netherlands, Kenya and the United States, who studied case detection methods in HIV-prone western Kenya. Tuberculosis (TB) occurs commonly in men and women with HIV, but in these patients TB can be more difficult to detect.
Nearly half of children who survive an episode of bacterial meningitis experience persistent behavioral, intellectual, or other complications, reports a study in the January issue of The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal®. The journal is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a part of Wolters Kluwer Health, a leading provider of information and business intelligence for students, professionals, and institutions in medicine, nursing, allied health, and pharmacy.
Less than 7 percent of U.S. seniors chose to receive a shingles vaccination as of 2008, finds a new CDC study.
Now that increasing numbers of disease-causing bacteria are resistant to antibiotics, a new approach to fighting serious infections might be needed. Microbiologist Daniel Kadouri of UMDNJ-New Jersey Dental School has made progress toward finding one.
Humanitarian and medical aid workers traveling to remote or resource-limited areas of the world need to take appropriate precautions and risk-mitigation efforts to prevent the transmission of disease while abroad.
Scientists at the University of Kentucky have discovered that plasminogen, a protein used by the body to break up blood clots, speeds up the progress of prion diseases such as mad cow disease.
Although the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic infected an estimated 60 million people and hospitalized more than 250,000 in the United States, it also brought one significant benefit—clues about how to make a vaccine that could protect against multiple strains of influenza.
Mayo Clinic researchers have shown that proteins on the surface of a cell twist a viral protein into position, allowing the virus to start infection and cause disease, all in a movement as graceful as a ballroom dance.
A family physician and faculty member at the UMDNJ-School of Osteopathic Medicine offers practical advice for coping with - and avoiding - a virus that is sending a crush of patients to physician offices and hospital ERs.
A new report reveals national-scale program to control and eliminate Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) exceeds its five-year goals in three years, supporting treatment of 98 million persons worldwide.
A ground-breaking antibiotic therapy developed at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center is the first potential drug treatment to provide irritable bowel syndrome patients with long-lasting relief of their symptoms even after they stop taking the medication, according to a study published in the Jan. 6 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
Hospitalizing teen girls with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) costs six times as much as treating them in the emergency room, and up to 12 times more than treating them in an outpatient clinic, according to a small study conducted at the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center.
Men are more willing to receive human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine when they learn the vaccine can prevent cancer, according to a recent University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill study.
Hospitalized children in the United States are becoming infected with the bacteria Clostridium difficile (C difficile) more frequently and children who acquire the infection are more likely to die or require surgery.
Parent education programs delivered through pediatric primary care offices increased parent-child play and reading activities critical for child development and school readiness during infancy in at-risk families, according to two concurrent reports in the January issue of Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Hospitalized children in the United States are more frequently becoming infected with the bacteria Clostridium difficile, according to a report posted online today that will appear in the May print issue of Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
The American Thoracic Society has released a new official clinical policy statement on the treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients. The statement replaces ATS guidelines published in 1988, and takes into account new medications and treatment approaches, as well as provides an overview of emerging fungi.
Even after young women reach adulthood, their mothers can play a key role in convincing them to receive the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, new research suggests.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have learned why changes in a single gene, ROP18, contribute substantially to dangerous forms of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The answer has likely moved science closer to new ways to beat Toxoplasma and many other parasites.
Two researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have found that our 98.6° F (37° C) body temperature strikes a perfect balance: warm enough to ward off fungal infection but not so hot that we need to eat nonstop to maintain our metabolism.
Innovative trap fights dengue fever by preying on mosquitoes' motherly instincts.
Trained giant African rats increased positive TB detection rates by 44 percent over microscopy, the most commonly-used technique for diagnosing TB, according to a new study released in the December issue of the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
The WHO's endorsement of a new DNA-based test for tuberculosis has the potential to help millions of people worldwide. The prime developer of the test is Dr. David Alland of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey.
Elvis sang of a blue Christmas, but a 'flu Christmas' would be even worse. The dean of UMDNJ-SOM says there is still time to get a vaccine to make sure you don't give or get the gift of flu this year.
Johns Hopkins scientists have identified a previously unrecognized step in the activation of infection-fighting white blood cells, the main immunity troops in the body’s war on bacteria, viruses and foreign proteins.
Scientists at Seattle Biomedical Research Institute (Seattle BioMed) and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine have reached a major milestone in the effort to wipe out some of the most lethal diseases on the planet. As leaders of two large structural genomics centers, they’ve experimentally determined 500 three-dimensional protein structures from a number of bacterial and protozoan pathogens, which could potentially lead to new drugs, vaccines and diagnostics to combat deadly infectious diseases.
According to the critical care experts at The Johns Hopkins Hospital who treated him, Allen Bagents, 24, of Arlington, Va., is the least likely person anyone ever expects to get sick, let alone suffer a six-week, potentially fatal bout with the swine flu, better known as H1N1 influenza.
The outlook for patients with hepatitis C continues to improve as results from a clinical trial led by a Saint Louis University researcher found that the drug boceprevir helped cure hard-to-treat patients.
University of Illinois at Chicago researcher Dr. John Quigley unveils a new approach to blocking malaria transmission during the American Society of Hematology's annual meeting in Orlando, Fla.
A wide-scale study of the effectiveness of flu vaccine in children is needed in Europe to fully assess the benefits, not only in keeping the kids from getting sick, but limiting the spread of flu to adults. That is the conclusion of a doctor at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, writing in the December issue of The Lancet Infectious Disease journal based in London.
Protecting biodiversity is more than an act of environmental preservation; it can be a matter of self-preservation, according to a study that shows healthy biodiversity in intact ecosystems helps ward off infectious disease.
Two teams of researchers at UC San Diego and other U.S. and African universities and the World Bank have documented significant spillover benefits of a drug therapy to combat AIDS symptoms and a novel prevention strategy that focuses on girls in Sub-Saharan Africa, an area with two-thirds of the world’s HIV infections.
It’s now possible to treat the severe form of the flu virus more effectively, according to a Ryerson University researcher.
Mayo Clinic researchers have shown why, in a minority of HIV patients, immune function improves despite a lack of response to standard anti-retroviral treatment.
A University of Adelaide researcher is leading a collaboration between Australia and Indonesia on the production of a universal flu vaccine.
Recent events in Haiti illustrate the urgent need for countries to stockpile and distribute cholera vaccines. Dr. Peter Hotez, President of the Sabin Vaccine Institute and distinguished research professor and chair of The George Washington University Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, emphasizes this need in a commentary in today’s New England Journal of Medicine.
This press release highlights two topics in transplantation: 1) H1N1 Vaccine: No Good in Kidney Transplant Recipients? 2) Reimbursement Policies Need Work to Increase Kidney Donation.
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago have solved a 20-year puzzle: why natural killer cells fail to protect the body against HIV. The discovery opens up a new target for drug therapies.
GW's Dr. Peter Hotez can comment on the cholera outbreak in Haiti and confirmed cases in the Dominican Republic and Florida.
Viruses have led scientists to the discovery of a security system in host cells. Viruses beat the security system millennia ago, but now that researchers are aware of it, they can explore the possibility of bringing the system back into play in the fight against disease.
New research led by scientists from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine and the University of California, Santa Barbara, describes new complexities in the close chemical combat waged among bacteria. The findings may have implications for human health and survival.
Doctors at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center want to make sure children are protected from influenza this flu season. The flu is an infection of the nose, throat and lungs caused by a variety of strains of influenza viruses. While the flu typically causes mild symptoms, it can be severe enough to cause hospitalization or even death. Flu most commonly occurs in the winter and early spring.
Widely prescribed for their cholesterol-lowering properties, recent clinical research indicates that statins can produce a second, significant health benefit: lowering the risk of severe bacterial infections such as pneumonia and sepsis.
A common transmissible strain of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been identified among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in Canada, suggesting that cross-infection has occurred widely between CF centers in the United Kingdom and Canada, according to a study in the November 17 issue of JAMA. Infection with this strain among Canadian CF patients has been associated with an increased risk of death or lung transplantation.
A promising new approach to immunization might reduce costs and enable thousands more people around the world to be vaccinated. A team led by researchers at Tufts University developed a vaccine for rotavirus that can be administered through nasal drops. The study in mice, published in Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, induced a potent immune response and prevented infection.
World AIDS Day is December 1, but healthcare professionals at Temple University work year-round to combat HIV by focusing on reducing the community viral load, or the severity of HIV in a particular group. This approach has become widespread in the past two years, and it is still evolving and undergoing evaluation.
Scientists from the University of Michigan have moved one step closer to a vaccine that could prevent a majority of urinary tract infections, which are caused by E. coli bacteria. Using a genetic technique rarely used to look at infections in human hosts, the researchers studied how the E. coli bacteria operate and discovered key differences between how the bacteria's genes behave in women and how they behave in mice used in experiments.
1) Only one-third of female teens complete the three-dose vaccine series; 2) Young women and black women are least likely to complete the series.
Weill Cornell Medical College announced today that it was awarded two $100,000 grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation as part of the next phase of Grand Challenges Explorations, an initiative to encourage bold and unconventional ideas for global health. The grants will provide continued support to promising and innovative global health research projects conducted by Dr. Carl Nathan, titled "Senescent and Rejuvenated Mtb Subsets on Exit From Latency," and Dr. Kyu Rhee, titled "Metabolosomes: The Organizing Principle of TB Latency."
Controlling malaria in part of Africa may become easier thanks to an international partnership between U.S. researchers and colleagues in Ethiopia that uses new tools to monitor risk.
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