Feature Channels: Cell Biology

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Study in mice reveals several distinct molecular mechanisms underlying abnormal touch sensitivity in autism spectrum disorders

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According to the American Cancer Society, approximately one in nine men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their lifetime. It’s both the second most common cancer and second most common cause of cancer death in American men. Early detection is critical and can increase a man’s chances of survival. A Rensselaer researcher recently received the latest in a series of grants aimed at advancing current imaging technology, and developing new tools for diagnosis and treatment delivery. The most recent award, from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, will help him improve an image fusion technique — currently used clinically to enable biopsies for diagnosis — without external tracking devices.

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Despite improved knowledge of the molecular alterations in SCC, little is understood about how the alterations contribute to the development of the cancer and how potential vulnerabilities could be exploited to treat the disease. Researchers in Moffitt Cancer Center’s Lung Cancer Center of Excellence took a closer look at SCC tumors to determine if their characteristics had an impact on patient outcomes. The findings were published today in Nature Communications.

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Electromagnetic fields might help prevent some breast cancers from spreading to other parts of the body, new research has found.

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In a Phase III clinical trial, the drug volanesorsen significantly reduced blood fat (triglyceride) levels in participants with a rare disease called familial chylomicronemia syndrome; finding could also help inform better prevention methods and treatments for many types of heart disease.

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Beckman Coulter MicroScan Wins IMV ServiceTrak™ Best System Performance for the Second Year in a Row

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The excising of large segments of base pairs can give cyanobacteria cells the ability to fix nitrogen. Understanding how these genetic mechanisms work may help scientists develop techniques for editing out defective genes that cause disease.

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The prostates of older mice contain more luminal progenitor cells — cells capable of generating new prostate tissue — than the prostates of younger mice, UCLA researchers have discovered.

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In a proof-of-concept paper, Pitt researchers chronicle how they transformed genetically engineered human cells into functional, 3D liver tissue that mimics non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) – a condition involving fat buildup in the liver, which can lead to cirrhosis or even liver failure.

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Below are summaries of recent Fred Hutch research findings, with links for additional background and media contacts.

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Princeton biologists reverse engineer the microtubules that make up cell walls and spindles

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One of the most exciting discoveries in genome research was that the last common ancestor of all multicellular animals - which lived about 600 million years ago - already possessed an extremely complex genome. Many of the ancestral genes can still be found in modern day species (e.g., human). However, it has long been unclear whether the arrangement of these genes in the genome also had a certain function. In a recent study in Nature Ecology and Evolution, the biologists led by Oleg Simakov and Ulrich Technau show that not only individual genes but also these gene arrangements in the genome have played a key role in the course of animal evolution.

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Using genetic tools in mice, researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine say they have identified a pair of proteins that precisely control when sound-detecting cells, known as hair cells, are born in the mammalian inner ear. The proteins, described in a report published June 12 in eLife, may hold a key to future therapies to restore hearing in people with irreversible deafness.

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On August 4, a special session at the 71st AACC Annual Scientific Meeting & Clinical Lab Expo will shed much-needed light on the nuances of direct-to-consumer genetic testing.

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It nearly baffled researchers to see amino acids that make up life today link up under lab conditions that mimicked those of pre-life Earth. The result was predecessors to today's proteins. The researchers made it hard on the amino acids by adding non-biological competitors, but nature selected the life chemicals.

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Convelo Therapeutics Inc., a Cleveland company based on the research findings of Paul Tesar and Drew Adams at the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, has entered into a strategic partnership with Genentech to develop new therapeutic drugs to repair damaged myelin insulation on nerve cells for patients suffering from neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis.

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一项I期临床试验表明，通过采集和处理婴儿自体干细胞并在手术时直接将其注入心脏，有望对左心发育不良综合征(HLHS)进行再生治疗。该研究是美国食品药品监督管理局监测的首项同类研究。The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery（《胸心血管外科杂志》）上发表了一篇详细介绍该临床试验的论文。

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UT Southwestern researchers have shown that precision editing of the bacterial populations in the gut reduces inflammation-associated colorectal cancer in mice.

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Using advanced technology, scientists at Chan Zuckerberg (CZ) Biohub, Mayo Clinic and UC San Francisco, have discovered an autoimmune disease that appears to affect men with testicular cancer.

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A majority of radiation biology studies have serious flaws in how their irradiation methodology is described, which makes them very difficult to replicate, according to a new finding from the University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM).