AHRQ today announced funding for a major new research initiative, called the EXCEED (Excellence Centers to Eliminate Ethnic/Racial Disparities) Initiative, intended to improve knowledge of the factors underlying ethnic and racial inequities in health care.
People diagnosed with depression during the 1996 Depression Screening Day were more likely to follow treatment recommendations if they had health insurance. (American Journal of Psychiatry, 11-00)
A new study of twin and nontwin sibling pairs reinforces the theory that sexual orientation is significantly influenced by one's genes. The study is the only one known to have used a large national probability sample. (American Journal of Psychiatry, 11-00)
Researchers from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the UC Davis Cancer Center have agreed to collaborate on an integrated cancer program. Some 10-12 projects are already underway.
A new international, multicenter study has confirmed that perfectionism is inherent in individuals with the eating disorder anorexia nervosa. (American Journal of Psychiatry, 11-00)
Americans who get hands-on help from others so that they can accomplish life's basic daily activities are not necessarily elderly nor do they all live in nursing homes, according to a new report by AHRQ. Roughly 79 percent live in places other than institutions, and almost half are under 65 years of age.
Metabolism of nicotine products produces a substance that is a direct precursor to the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen NNK. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10-24-00)
Ninety-seven percent of pregnant women fail to sleep through the night by the end of their pregnancy, according to a new study by researchers at Saint Joseph's University and Delaware County (Pa.) Memorial Hospital. (Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 10-00)
For 7-year-old Kyle Schepens - near death due to a virulent form of heart disease - a new and surprisingly hopeful treatment allowed him to celebrate his eighth birthday. (Heart and Lung Transplantation, 11-00)
The following tip sheet reports works-in-progress on the newest approaches to Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, stem cell therapy and seasonality from Hopkins' neuroscientists attending this month's meeting in New Orleans, November 4 to 9.
Endostatin, a drug that seeks to reduce tumors by cutting off their blood supply, appears to be safe and well-tolerated, according to preliminary results on 19 people studied in Boston.
The upcoming winter holidays can be a painful reminder for those who have experienced the death of a loved one. A seminar on Monday, Nov. 13 in Rochester will address general issues of grief and identify specific issues of grief associated with the holidays.
University of Michigan scientists have identified genetic mutations that cause a serious medical condition called hereditary lymphedema-distichiasis or LD. (American Journal of Human Genetics, 12-00)
Mayo Clinic researchers have developed a new laboratory method for detecting recurring cancer of the bladder sooner and more accurately. (The Journal of Urology, 11-00)
A study concludes that a hip replacement device developed at Mayo Clinic is successful in conserving bone, making it an attractive choice for younger patients. (Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 9-00)
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Oncology Center uncovered a genetic alteration that appears to predict how individuals with an aggressive type of brain cancer will respond to chemotherapy. (NEJM, 11-9-00)
Scientists from UCLA and the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, report a revolutionary advance in pain medicine that promises to deliver painkillers directly to the affected area of the body, in smaller doses and with fewer side effects.
In animals with spinal cord injuries, cells bio-engineered to produce the neurotransmitter serotonin apparently can relieve chronic pain and clearly can increase mobility, researchers from the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston have found.
A study by cardiac researchers at Intermountain Health Care's LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City reveals that levels of a marker of inflammation called C-reactive protein actually do a better job of predicting who will benefit from medication and who will die among patients who already have coronary artery disease. (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 11-00)
Heart disease patients may someday receive a dose of gene therapy that would protect injured coronary arteries from further damage and possibly even treat the underlying heart disease. (Nature Biotechnology, 11-00)
Joseph Cofrancesco Jr., M.D., M.P.H., assistant professor in the Department of Medicine at Johns Hopkins, was one of 47 physicians nationwide nominated for the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Humanism in Medicine Award for 2000.
Three studies provide new insight into the role of infections and inflammation in heart attacks. (Circulation 11-7-00)
Survival rates have been steadily improving for children who undergo surgery as infants for a life-threatening congenital condition called hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Researchers reported on 15 years of experience with the reconstructive, multistage surgery. (Circulation, 11-00)
Scientists at Johns Hopkins have demonstrated that a specific enzyme in the brain is essential for nerve cells to form a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) -- the so-called amyloid plaques that collect and surround brain cells.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins report they've restored movement to newly paralyzed rodents by injecting stem cells into the animals' spinal fluid. Results of their study were presented at the annual meeting of The Society for Neuroscience in New Orleans.
Individualized medical treatments for people diagnosed with heart disease may not be too far in the future with the expansion of genomic research at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. The expansion is being made possible by a $13.9 million federal grant.
A UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas doctor is performing a new procedure that can detect pre-malignant and malignant breast cells long before they become visible tumors.
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, which will build a safe, wheelchair-accessible playground in San Mateo, Calif., is holding Playground Design Day in advance to get children's input on what playground features are most important to them.
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center today launched a lay language database of high priority trials for its web site.
African Americans who undergo the most frequently performed blood vessel operation, carotid endarterectomy, have worse outcomes than whites, according to a new study by Johns Hopkins researchers. (Annals of Surgery, 11-00)
FDA has awarded a six-month $100,000 SBIR grant to MetaPhore Pharmaceuticals to study the dramatic and perplexing blood pressure drop that occurs during septic shock and leads to death in up to 50 percent of cases.
At University of Iowa Health Care pediatric specialty-based asthma care program, researchers see cause for revising asthma guidelines published and disseminated by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute within the National Institutes of Health.
The life you save may be your own - if you can react quickly to stroke warning signs. (Stroke: Journal of the American Heart Association, 11-00)
Both houseflies and filth flies can transmit cryptosporidiosis. Better fly control is one key to decreasing the risk of this disease, as reported at the annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Researchers from California and London have identified a previously unknown mechanism that controls the storage capacity of the bladder and the frequency of urination. (Nature, 10-26-00)
Just a little more than a year after the U.S. government made history by donating the decommissioned Coast Guard cutter, the White Holly, to a nonprofit medical organization, the vessel will set sail November 8, 2000 to provide much-needed medical services to residents of the Marshall Islands.
The disadvantage that some Hispanic children experience in their access to health care may be related to their parents' inability to speak English well enough to interact fully with the health care system. Interpreters or bilingual providers and staff may be needed to help reduce disparities. (American Journal of Public Health, 11-00)
The latest information on medications and treatments for epilepsy patients with seizures will be discussed by a panel of medical experts at a conference for adult and adolescent epilepsy patients, their families, the medical community, and the general public on Saturday, Nov. 4, at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in West Los Angeles.
A new study found that zanamivir can prevent the flu from making the rounds within a family when one member becomes infected. (The New England Journal of Medicine, 11-2-00)
A study of patients addicted to heroin shows that two medications other than the gold standard methadone are effective treatments, even for "hard core" users. Moreover, unlike methadone, the two therapeutic drugs needn't be taken daily -- allowing patients a lifestyle far closer to non-addicts'. (New England Journal of Medicine, 11-01-00)
Asian-American stomach cancer patients have tumors with biological traits that differ from tumors in non-Asians, which may explain why they have better survival rates from stomach cancer than non-Asians, according to a UC Irvine College of Medicine study.
Common house sparrows may be an important reservoir host for West Nile virus, as reported at the annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
A marijuana-like chemical that occurs naturally in the body may control coughing and various respiratory functions, according to a UC Irvine College of Medicine research team. (Nature, 11-2-00)
Vaccination for typhoid fever should be considered for even short-term visits to high-risk areas, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said at the annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Injured children who receive care at trauma centers certified to treat children have better survival rates than children treated at adult trauma centers, according to a recent study. The better outcomes may occur because care is specifically tailored to children. (Journal of Trauma, 8-00)
Vitamin E may be a key in helping individuals protect muscles during weight training, according to a Ball State University study.
Two double-blind cross-over clinical trials are currently underway to confirm preliminary research and document rapidly accumulating anecdotal evidence that HydroEye, the first orally ingested formulation for the treatment of dry eye syndrome could provide relief for millions that suffer from this condition.
A study by UB researchers has shown that fish oil and vitamin E are promising potential therapies for those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. (Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 10-00)
Using a laser device that allows them to view microscopic movement, biomedical engineering researchers at The Johns Hopkins University have produced startling new findings about how deadly bacteria spread infection between neighboring cells. (Nature, 10-26-00)
Holiday travelers in Greensboro, N.C., will be safer thanks to a hospital program putting automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) in the regional airport's terminal building.
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