Articles synopsized below will appear in the Feb. 14 Edition of "Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report," published by the U.S Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC). 1) State-Specific Variation in Rates of Twin Births--United States, 1992-1994; 2) Ingestion of Cigarettes and Cigarette Butts by Children--Rhode Island, Jan 1994-Jul 1996; 3) Nonhuman Primate Spumavirus Infections Among Persons with Occupational Exposure--U.S., 1996
Super-tasters---people with a genetically inherited sensitivity to bitter or sharp tastes---may avoid tart vegetables and fruits that contain cancer preventive coupounds, says University of Michigan researcher. Prof. Adam Drewnowski presented his study Sunday (Feb.16) at the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Are the oldest stars in the galaxy more ancient than the universe itself? That's the embarrassing conundrum facing astronomers today. At the AAAS meeting in Seattle, astronomer Michael Bolte will discuss solid evidence that stellar ages won't fall below 15 billion years.
Top researchers to present new evidence showing antioxidant supplements prevent disease and may slow aging. Conference featuring more than 50 scientists to be held in Santa Barbara, CA, Feb. 26-March 1.
A study of family violence found that children are often injured during fights between parents, extended family members and even family friends.
A new policy from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) states that no child should be denied access to medical care based on a parents religious beliefs.
The American Academy of Pediatrics has issued a revised policy recommending mandatory labeling of inactive ingredients on prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical products.
1) Treating Patients with Dyspepsia Who are Seropositive for Helicobacter pylori; 2) Practice Guidelines for Managing Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Los Alamos researchers have devised a scheme and algorithms to correct errors in quamtum computers, proposed machines that would manipulate the quantum states of individual atoms to perform calculations.
A micro-chip designed at the University of New Mexico's Microelectronics Research Center is at the heart of an upgrade unit being installed on the hubble Space Telescope next week.
In what is believed to be the first clinical trial of its kind in the United States, a spine surgeon at University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics has begun using protein-saturated sponges placed in a patient's spine to replace the disc removed during fusion surgery. The sponge contains bone growth factor, a substance expected to produce bone that will complete the fusion -- and eliminate the need to take bone from the patient's body to replace the disc.
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences has nominated two documentary films produced with support from the National Science Foundation for an Academy Award.
A condition once considered hopeless for 6,000 twin babies each year in the United States is now being treated with a new, pioneering laser surgical procedure at the University of Illinois at Chicago Medical Center.
In the next century, a personal computer could know from the inflection in your voice -- or by a smile or frown -- what you want it to do. Basic research in multimedia technology funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) is moving us much closer to that reality.
China and Indonesia suffered the deadliest and most destructive earthquakes in 1996, while the U.S. remained relatively quiet according to scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior. The last deadly earthquake in the U.S. was the 1994 Northridge, Calif., quake that took 60 lives.
Symmetries are evident everywhere in nature, even at the smallest scales of subatomic particles. At the AAAS meeting in Seattle, physicist Michael Dine will describe the latest work toward a theory of supersymmetry, which could round out the Standard Model of particle physics.
One of the most comprehensive World Wide Web sites for amateur bird-watchers and professional ornithologists, BirdSource, opened for business Feb. 14 by accepting data from participants in Project FeederWatch at http://www.ornith.cornell.edu/CS/PFW/main.html. Co-managed by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology and the National Audubon Society and constructed by the Cornell Theory Center, the Web site was demonstrated at the Seattle annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Embargo Date: 02/14/97
Results of a survey, published in the Feb. 13 issue of the Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report (MMWR), indicate that few physicians counseled patients about how physical activity, diet and weight reduction can help reduce an individual's risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attack and stroke, which are the country's leading causes of death.
A half-million-year record of some deep-water cousins of crabs called ostracodes provides some of the strongest evidence yet that global climate change can reduce the variety of life forms on Earth, according to a report released Thursday (Feb. 13, 1997).
The vast majority of children with a flattened back or side of the head can be treated effectively by nonsurgical means, such as a helmet, and by alternating infant head position during sleep.
ATHENS, Ga. -- Last August, a group of scientists stunned the scientific world with evidence that life may have once existed on Mars. Their analysis of a Martian meterorite concluded that microscopic life may have been the source of "apparent" fossils it held. In the six months since then, several studies have questioned their interpretations. In a speech today (SATURDAY, 2/15, EMBARGOED) at the annual meeting of the AAAS, a key researcher in the original project called dismissals of the claims entirely premature.
Tensegrity structures that bounce back to shape after being deformed require complicated mathematics, a Cornell expert told an audience at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Embargo Date: 02/14.97
Life on Mars probably did and may still exist, a Cornell astronomer says. Mars, like Earth, has a "deep, hot biosphere" teeming with microbial life well beneath the surface, Tom Gold told the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Embargo Date: 02/13/97
The onion bulb mite -- Rhizoglyphus robini -- has begun to attack some of New York's prized onion fields. Cornell University scientists are studying management techniques to control it.
Hundreds of students in schools across the United States are helping biologists research questions about birds, a Cornell University ornithologist told an American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) session on classroom science Feb. 16. When scientists and school children collaborate, everyone gains, said Andre Dhondt. Embargo Date: 02/16/97
Some of the same evolutionary "predispositions" that held together extended families for our hunter-gatherer ancestors -- and even prototypical nuclear families until recently -- are partly to blame for today's dysfunction, conflict and violence within fractured families, Cornell University biologist Stephen Emlen reported Feb. 14 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Embargo Date: 02/14/97
Thirty years after the first Green Revolution, Cornell researchers want to kick-start another one. This time, they want to add micronutrients to staple crops, making the food we eat even more nutritious. Embargo Date: 02/18/97
From upstate New York and Massachusetts Bay to Puget Sound and the Pacific shoreline, thousands of grade-school students are collecting data on Monarch butterfly migrations, songbird populations, astronomy, and environmental science. Professional researchers will use this data to advance scientific knowledge.
"There is mounting evidence that Mars is a water-rich planet that may have experienced warmer climates, and therefore, life, in the past,"according to Michael Carr, an astrogeologist with the U.S.Geological Survey in Menlo Park, Calif., at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in Seattle, on Thursday, Feb. 13.
Water quality and quantity on Earth and the possibility of water on Mars are the topics of presentations by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey at this week's annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) at the Seattle Convention Center.
Astrophysicist Douglas Lin of UC Santa Cruz will discuss the dramatic evolution of models of planetary formation in an invited talk at the AAAS meeting in Seattle. New models must account for the wide variety of planets found since November 1995.
Only 10 percent of children with attention deficiet hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) receive any kind of therapy to help them modify their behavior. A Purdue University expert on ADHD says that figure should be near 100 percent.
The age of information is also the age of organization. The authors set an agenda to make organizations more responsive to the ethical needs of information handling, as well as usage.
Using $1.29 acrylic boxes from a dime store and simple electronics, undergraduate students and their lab instructor at The University of Alabama in Huntsville are doing cutting edge research into sonoluminesence, a little understood phenomenon sometimes referred to as "a star in a jar."
Two viruses, the feline leukemia virus -- FELV -- and the feline immunodeficiency virus -- FIV -- are infecting the cat population in a manner similar to the AIDS-related human immunodeficiency virus -- HIV.
A special symposium, "Integrating Watershed Ecosystem Studies for Improved Natural Resource Management" will be presented in Seattle, WA, on February 15 as part of the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). The symposium will highlight the use of long-term, ecosystem-level studies for detecting changes in biological, chemical, and physical processes associated with watersheds.
Researchers at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center have found that population-wide sperm counts vary significantly from year to year, and that these variations coincide with yearly changes in birth rates. The findings, to be published in the March issue of the Journal of Urology, may also explain why previous fertility studies have concluded that sperm counts around the world are declining.
Scientists believe there is little doubt that compounds called polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) cause cancer in animal studies. It has been illegal to produce PCBs in the United States since 1977, but huge amounts of the compounds remain in the environment, raising serious concerns for public health officials. A new study, however, has found that many of the PCBs in the environment in this country may not be as carcinogenic as previously thought.
Biochemists at the University of Georgia have discovered an unusual phosphorus-containing compound in an extreme-heat-loving bacterium -- a discovery that will advance thinking about how life exists near the boiling point in underwater volcanic vents.
Technology transfer may have found its way from "Star Trek's" starship Enterprise to Earth. Many Star Trek fans are familiar with clear "data cubes" frequently seen on the television program and used by the crew to access information. A researcher at The University of Alabama in Huntsville believes the Enterprise's technology isn't so futuristic. Using holographic technology, a similar data storage device could hold a tremendous amount of data and provide rapid access.
Rushing radically innovative new products to market with a minimum of "polish" may give large U.S. companies a competitive edge over their Japanese counterparts in emerging or "high uncertainty" markets, according to research at The University of Alabama in Huntsville. This "radical" recommendation comes from a seven-year study of 104 new electronics products developed in the U.S. and Japan.
Three-D View of Molecular Switch Assists Drug Development, Basic Science Discovery Made by Howard Hughes Researcher at Children's Hospital in Boston and Researchers at Harvard Medical School
HOUSTON, February 11, 1997 -- Of the three teams in the world that can coax the elusive Bose-Einstein condensation into existence, only the Rice University team can make it using atoms that attract each other. This provides a unique situation for studying the interactions of the atoms in this rare state of matter. For this reason, the Rice team is taking an especially close look at the mechanics of how their condensate forms and the special properties it possesses. Their findings contribute to a basic understanding of interactions on the atomic level.
With a little more than spit and a sponge, researchers at Northwestern University Medical School can now test whether an ndividual is experiencing physical or emotional stress. The test measures concentration of an enzyme, called amylase, in saliva. Researh has shown that salivary amylase concentration reflects the body's level of catecholamines, substances produced by the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress.
Two Johns Hopkins University comet experts are heading research projects on Comet Hale-Bopp and are available for comment to reporters. The astronomers have also completed a yearlong study of the comet with the Hubble Space Telescope, learning new details about the comet. This release also contains a fact sheet about Hale-Bopp and comets in general.
Picture an ideal university: it has a pervasive culture promoting collaborative research between professors and students; there are internet links between research labs, libraries and students; and there is an emphasis on discovery-based learning techniques throughout science and engineering curricula.
Cornell clinical psychologist and gradate student find that sexually abused girls have less secure intimate relationships and compromised interpersonal functioning in adulthood.
Researchers at Resources for the Future have found a deposit/refund system to be the most cost-effective policy among those that rely on economic incentives to reduce municipal solid waste. They suggest that a modest reduction in recyclable wastes -- including glass, paper and plastic -- could be achieved if the federal government used a deposit/refund policy that charged the deposit fee to manufacturers of consumer products, with the subsequent refund then granted to collectors of recyclable materials.
Southern California may soon be the best-surveyed area on the planet, thanks to powerful tools used by scientists seeking to understand the region's earthquake potential.
Communication among glial cells--once regarded as just "glue" for the brain--has been identified in intact retinal tissue by researchers at the University of Minnesota. The discovery is a step forward in understanding the function of these cells, which play a role in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, as well as in regulating the transmission of impulses along nerve fibers and regenerating injured or severed nerves.
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