Feature Channels: All Journal News

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When people sweat, they unknowingly release a wide range of chemicals that can noninvasively inform clinicians on anything from stress hormone levels to glucose. An international team of researchers recently developed a new membrane that mitigates both issues that arise from direct dermal contact and sweat dilution for sweat biosensors. As discussed in Biomicrofluidics, the membrane performs hundreds of times better than other methods and holds up to repeated use.

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A new study published in JMIR Medical Informatics describes how a “smart home” prototype may help people with dementia dress themselves through automated assistance, enabling them to maintain independence and dignity and providing their caregivers with a much-needed respite.

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Researchers mapped critical brain-to-spinal cord nerve connections that drive voluntary movement in forelimbs, a development that scientists say allows them to start looking for specific repair strategies. The study is an important step toward one day rehabilitating motor circuits to help motor function recover after an injury or disease damages the central nervous system, the scientists report in Cell Reports.

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Communication professor traces the history of start-ups, from a novel idea in the tech industry to an approach embraced by the government

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Wearable fitness trackers, such as Fitbits, that measure steps taken per day may be a useful tool to evaluate and help treat cancer patients, researchers at UT Southwestern’s Simmons Cancer Center have shown.

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ORNL studies how some trees respond and recover after heat waves; sensors collect data to uniquely identify vehicles; catalysis data calculations assist in overcoming limiting factor to break down olefins; ORNL tested NASA space probe instruments’ ability to withstand Sun’s extreme heat; using neutrons, ORNL observed enzyme behavior to determine certain antibiotics’ ineffectiveness.

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Expanded agricultural activity throughout the Midwest since 1850 has reduced the amount of carbon that can be stored in the soil, according to models designed by ISU scientists. However, modern farming practices such as no till can improve carbon sequestration, which could help to slow climate change.

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A CAR-T-based immunotherapy successfully kills tumors and prevents metastatic growth, in final preclinical tests before human trials.

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Value in Health, the official journal of ISPOR—the professional society for health economics and outcomes research—announced today the publication of a series of award-winning papers offering transformative strategies to assess the value of healthcare interventions in the United States.

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When a new park is built, a tax is instituted on fast food or a ban put in place against soft drinks in a school, public health researchers must often rely on “after the fact” observational studies to evaluate the impact of such efforts on rates of obesity in a particular population and try to clearly identify and measure the factors that worked or didn’t.

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New research shows small, New World monkeys called marmosets may be an important animal model for emerging viruses with the potential for harmful effects on fetuses

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The unplanned transfer of medical-surgical patients to the ICU declined significantly after a hospital implemented a new communication bundle. The bundle may have led to earlier and more effective interventions by medical-surgical nurses, facilitated by collaboration with experienced critical care nurses.

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A team of physicists has uncovered properties of a category of magnetic waves relevant to the development of neuromorphic computing—an artificial intelligence system that seeks to mimic human-brain function.

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Oncology nurses at Johns Hopkins Hospital learn to treat chemotherapy medications, like their patients, with extreme care

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Preliminary research using mcDESPOTmagnetic resonance imaging shows changes in the myelin content of white matter in the brain following mild traumatic brain injury. Myelin changes are apparent at the time of injury and 3 months afterward.

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Patients receiving deep brain stimulation are warned that their neurostimulators may dysfunction when confronted by electromagnetic fields generated by particular electrical devices found at work, home, and in the hospital. A new and potentially dangerous source of dysfunction has been identified: nearby lightening.

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Over the past five years, University of Chicago chemist Bozhi Tian has been figuring out how to control biology with light. In a paper published April 30 in Nature Biomedical Engineering, Tian’s team laid out a system of design principles for working with silicon to control biology at three levels—from individual organelles inside cells to tissues to entire limbs. The group has demonstrated each in cells or mice models, including the first time anyone has used light to control behavior without genetic modification.

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Researchers from the Technion have completed an interdisciplinary study that reveals the optimal configuration for nanoscale robots that can travel within the human body to perform a variety of tasks. The model improves previous nature-inspired models.

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Scientists at Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago have identified a gene called FoxM1 as a promising target for treatment of pulmonary hypertension, or high blood pressure in the lung arteries. Patients with this severe lung disease that damages the right side of the heart have a five-year survival rate of 50 percent. The study results, published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, will drive development of new drugs to reverse a process called vascular remodeling, or thickening of lung artery walls – a key feature in pulmonary hypertension.

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An innovative book distribution program that provides free children’s books in low-income neighborhoods, combined with supportive adults who encourage reading, can boost children’s literacy and learning opportunities, finds a new study by New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development.

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By stretching the amount of time proteins can be simulated in their natural state of wiggling and gyrating, a team of researchers at Colorado State University has identified a critical protein structure that could serve as a molecular Achilles heel able to inhibit the replication of dengue virus and potentially other flaviviruses such as West Nile and Zika virus.

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By treating living cells like tiny absorbent sponges, researchers have developed a potentially new way to introduce molecules and therapeutic genes into human cells.

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Effect is greatest among those with highest illness burden

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TAMPA, Fla. – Cancer patients are commonly treated with the maximum dose they are able to withstand that does not cause too many toxic side effects.  However, many patients become resistant to these treatments and develop cancer recurrence.  Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center are using mathematical modeling based on evolutionary principles to show that adaptive drug treatments based on tumor responses to prior treatment are more effective than maximum-tolerated dose approaches for certain tumor situations.

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Penn Medicine researchers may have found the reason why some patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) don’t respond to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, and the answer is tied to how primed patients’ immune systems are before the therapy is administered.

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A new study reveals the geometric underpinnings of T-cell triggering through the precise engineering of T-cell receptor geometry in all three dimensions. The researchers used nanofabrication to create a biomimetic surface that simulates the key features of the APC, presenting T-cell receptor ligands in different geometric arrangements, with different inter-ligand spacings arranged in clusters of varying size. The results could have a significant impact on adoptive immunotherapy and the design of CAR T cells.

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Some bacteria not only escape being killed by bacteria, they turn it into food. Until now, scientists have understood little about how bacteria manage to consume antibiotics safely, but new research from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis illuminates key steps in the process. The findings, published April 30 in Nature Chemical Biology, could lead to new ways to eliminate antibiotics from land and water, the researchers said. Environmental antibiotic contamination promotes drug resistance and undermines our ability to treat bacterial infections.

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The majority of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be treated effectively. However, people whose disease recurs face a shortage of good options, especially because the disease is driven by a complicated mix of genetic alterations. Genomic analysis by scientists at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard now offers a better framework for understanding the disease’s many forms, which will help to predict individual patient outcomes and guide personalized treatment.

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Breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy often experience severe and persistent tiredness. In a recent study, a team led by researchers from the National University of Singapore developed a novel approach to identify the onset of this common side effect and objectively follow its development. 

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Lonely consumers are capable of behaving morally, but aren’t motivated to, according to new research from Binghamton University, State University of New York.

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Researchers have developed a new and improved version of an unconventional radio-astronomy imaging system known as a Phased Array Feed, which can survey vast swaths of the sky and generate multiple views of astronomical objects with unparalleled efficiency.

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Georgia-based neurosurgeon will serve as 2018-2019 vice president

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Latest News and Research from ACSM

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A new study led by Johns Hopkins researchers adds to growing evidence that patients underuse nonopioid pain relievers to supplement opioid pain management after spine and joint surgery.

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Identifying bottlenecks — i.e. places where birds concentrate on migration — helps bird conservationists know what areas to focus on and get the most bang for their buck, since a large percentage of a species’ population can pass through these small areas.

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The more curious the child, the more likely he or she may be to perform better in school — regardless of economic background — suggests a new University of Michigan study.

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Researchers at Intermountain Healthcare and University of Utah Health in Salt Lake City have completed a study identifying how community hospitals with fewer than 200 beds can develop antibiotic stewardship programs that work to prevent the growth of antibiotic-resistant organisms, or “superbugs,” which are becoming more common and deadly.

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Heat pipes are devices to keep critical equipment from overheating. They transfer heat from one point to another through an evaporation-condensation process and are used in everything from cell phones and laptops to air conditioners and spacecraft.

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While defects in a diamond are mostly undesirable, certain defects are a quantum physicist’s best friend, having the potential to store bits of information that could one day be used in a quantum computing system. Applied physicists at Cornell University have demonstrated a technique for engineering some of the key optical properties of those defects, providing a new tool for exploring quantum mechanics.

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Climate models predict that an increase in greenhouse gases will dry out the Amazon rainforest in the future while causing wetter conditions in the woodlands of Africa and Indonesia. Researchers at the University of California, Irvine and other institutions have identified an unexpected but major factor in this worldwide precipitation shift: the direct response of the forests themselves to higher levels of carbon dioxide.

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Hearing is an important part of fitness-for-duty assessments of police officers and other public safety professionals – but standard hearing tests don't give a true picture of whether these professionals can hear and communicate in the specific "noise environments" where they must work. A new approach to hearing assessment in public safety officers − which has been adopted by five government agencies in the United States and Canada − is presented in an article in Ear and Hearing. The official journal of the American Auditory Society, Ear and Hearing is published by Wolters Kluwer.

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A paper by UAH physics professor Dr. Don Gregory and UAH Ph.D. student Seyed Sadreddin Mirshafieyan was recently published in "Nature, Scientific Reports."

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Doctors could be a step closer to finding the most effective way to treat cancer with a double whammy of a virus combined with boosting the natural immune system, according to a pioneering study by researchers at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) and The Ohio State University.

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Dr. Matthew Niemiller, an assistant professor of ecology at UAH, conducts field research in caves throughout the Tennessee Valley and around the country to better understand species that are rare, threatened, endangered, or relatively unknown.

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Spring 2018 Scholarship and Practice of Undergraduate Research seeks to provide evidence for undergraduate research's impact on student success in academe and beyond

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Researchers at the University of Utah Health are looking to the salience network of the brain to develop music-based treatments to help alleviate anxiety in patients with dementia. Their research will appear in the April online issue of The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease.

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An alternative treatment option to the glucocorticoid-induced bone loss that can cause fractures now appears promising, according to an international study. Researchers compared the monoclonal antibody denosumab against a standard bisphosphonate treatment.

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Latest News and Research from ACSM

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Aquaporins are proteins that serve as water channels to regulate the flow of water across biological cell membranes. They also remove excess salt and impurities in the body, and it is this aspect that has led to much interest in recent years in how to mimic the biochemical processes of aquaporins potentially for water desalination systems.

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Good cosmetic results are an important factor – but not the only factor – differentiating positive versus negative reviews for plastic surgeons on Google, Yelp, and other online review sites, according to a special topic paper in the May issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery®, the official medical journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS).