Feature Channels: All Journal News

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Ions at the edge of water, exposed to air, don’t separate like they do when surrounded by water, offering insights for desalination and corrosion.

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Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine have discovered a mechanism for how androgens -- male sex steroids -- sculpt brain development. The research, conducted by Margaret M. McCarthy, Ph.D., who Chairs the Department of Pharmacology, could ultimately help researchers understand behavioral development differences between males and females.

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Climate change has taken a toll on many of the world’s fisheries, and overfishing has magnified the problem, according to a Rutgers-led study in the journal Science today.

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A calorie-dense, obesity-generating diet in aging mice disrupts the composition of the gut microbiome. This correlates with development of a system-wide nonresolving inflammation in acute heart failure, with a notable disruption of the immune cell profile, primarily the neutrophil-leukocyte ratio.

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Frailty is linked to more complications after an operation among adults of all ages, according to researchers of a large new study.

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McMaster researchers, working with partners at other universities, have created a motion-powered, fireproof sensor that can track the movements of firefighters, steelworkers, miners and others who work in high-risk environments where they cannot always be seen.

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A study from the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center sought to improve nurses’ handling of chemotherapy by delivering an educational intervention with quarterly reminders and tailored messages. But despite the strong study design and quality intervention, it did not increase use of protective gear.

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Researchers in Japan have discovered that the DNA inside human cells moves around less when its genes are active. The study, which will be published March 1 in the Journal of Cell Biology, suggests that RNA polymerase II—the key enzyme required to produce messenger RNA molecules from active genes—restricts the movement of DNA by organizing it into a network of interconnected domains.

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Researchers at Imperial College London created a bioreactor to allow heart tissue to experience mechanical forces in sync with the beats, like it would in the body, to study the mechanics of healthy and diseased hearts.

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Researchers at the University of Illinois show that the membranes of cells surrounding arteries get stiffer and thicker in response to a high fat diet, due to both LDLs and oxidized LDLs

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Researchers at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory are developing techniques to study how proteins respond to the tiny forces our cells experience.

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Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder study fast-growing python hearts, which could provide insights to aid those with diseased heart growth. Their latest work reveals ways to study python heart cells.

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Researchers at the University of Illinois College of Medicine find that TRPM8, long ago identified as a cold-temperature sensor, regulates aggressive and hypersexual behavior in response to testosterone

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Critically ill patients are more likely to be successfully weaned from a mechanical ventilator, or breathing machine, if they have higher levels of wakefulness and both their right and left brains experience the same depth of sleep, according to new research published online in the American Thoracic Society’s American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.

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Despite the addition of some healthful menu items, fast food is even more unhealthy for you than it was 30 years ago. An analysis of the offerings at 10 of the most popular US fast-food restaurants in 1986, 1991, and 2016, published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, demonstrates that fast-food entrees, sides, and desserts increased significantly in calories and sodium and entrees and desserts in portion size over time. It also shows that while the variety of entree, sides, and dessert options soared by 226 percent, new or discontinued items tended to be less healthy than those available throughout the study period.

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• Payments by organ transplant recipients and Medicare decreased significantly following the introduction of generic immunosuppressive medications. • Large differences in out-of-pocket payments for immunosuppressive medications between Part D beneficiaries who did and did not qualify for the Medicare low-income subsidy suggest that recipients with resources just above the threshold to qualify for the subsidy may experience considerable financial strain.

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A new study, involving two Washington University in St. Louis faculty at Olin Business School, finds that analysts disseminate earnings news by revising share-price targets or stating they expect firms to beat earnings estimates, often tempering such information — even suppressing positive news — to facilitate beatable projections. The paper is scheduled for the March issue of The Accounting Review.

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Researchers examined the effect of vaginal tenofovir 1 percent gel use on the risk of acquiring herpes simplex virus type 2, or HSV-2.

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Predictions of the direct impacts of greenhouse gases must account for local temperature and humidity conditions.

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Researchers at the McKelvey School of Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis develop a method to learn more about how a new type of pesticide degrades in the environment.

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A preliminary diagnosis of Celiac disease in a child can be a stressful life event for an entire family. In addition to the prospect of following a completely gluten-free diet for life, a child must also face a series of tests – some invasive – to confirm the disease. While this should be a seamless and effective process, a recent study from McMaster University, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) and William Osler Health System (Osler) shows this is not always the case. An additional, costly blood test is routinely prescribed and performed as part of the screening process and results of the study show it rarely predicts the disease.

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A new review explores the different areas of the brain that process the meaning of concrete and abstract concepts. The article is published ahead of print in the Journal of Neurophysiology (JNP).

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Chancellor of the New Mexico State University System Dan Arvizo, shares his vision and strategies to meet the challenges facing higher education. Arvizu worked for Bell Labs, Sandia National Labs and eventually went on to serve as the eighth director of the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory as well as serving in various roles at Emerson Collective, including chief technology officer, STEM evangelist and senior adviser.

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Automated programs can identify which sick infants in a neonatal intensive care unit have sepsis hours before clinicians recognize the life-threatening condition. A study team tested machine-learning models in a NICU population, drawing only on routinely collected data available in electronic health records.

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For patients undergoing "tummy tuck" surgery (abdominoplasty), satisfaction with the aesthetic outcome is the main factor affecting whether they write a positive or negative online review for their plastic surgeon, reports the March issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery®, the official medical journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS).

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Improving achievement in the first course in engineering may lay the foundation for more women and minorities to pursue engineering as a major, according to new research by Wake Forest University economics professor Amanda Griffith.

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Los investigadores de Mayo Clinic identificaron un gen llamado UCP-1 que predice la aparición del cáncer pancreático en personas con diabetes tipo 2. Los resultados se publican en Gastroenterology.

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While the proportion of women entering plastic surgery residency programs has increased in recent years, numbers of Black and Hispanic trainees are declining or unchanged, reports a study in the March issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery®, the official medical journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS).

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Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM) scientists have created such a mobile skin bioprinting system – the first of its kind – that allows bi-layered skin to be printed directly into a wound.

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A U.S.-funded initiative to improve quality of care and referrals during pregnancy and childbirth in Indonesia resulted in significant reductions in maternal and newborn mortality at participating hospitals, according to a new study led by scientists at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

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A robotic rover deployed in the most Mars-like environment on Earth, the Atacama Desert in Chile, has successfully recovered subsurface soil samples during a trial mission to find signs of life. The samples contained unusual and highly specialized microbes that were distributed in patches, which researchers linked to the limited water availability, scarce nutrients and chemistry of the soil. These findings, published in Frontiers in Microbiology, will aid the search for evidence of signs of life during future planned missions to Mars.

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Research developed using an $832,000 National Science Foundation grant in a Mississippi State University biologist’s lab is gaining international attention this week in Current Biology, a premier bi-monthly scientific journal.

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The Alzheimer’s Foundation of America (AFA) urged President Trump’s administration to continue funding the fight against Alzheimer’s disease by investing an additional $350 million in federal Alzheimer’s research funding for Fiscal Year (FY) 2020.

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The fungus Candida albicans is found in the gastrointestinal tract of about half of healthy adults with little if any effect, yet it also causes an oft-fatal blood infection among patients with compromised immune systems, including those with HIV/AIDS. New research from Brown University helps show how this fungus gets the flexibility to live in these vastly different environments.

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Some of the peculiar aspects of our solar system -- an enveloping cloud of comets, dwarf planets in weird orbits and, if it truly exists, a possible Planet Nine far from the sun -- have been linked to the close approach of another star in our system's infancy flung things helter-skelter.

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Frogs don’t like living near noisy highways any better than people do, but research from Vanderbilt suggests that frogs, like hardened city-dwellers, can learn to adapt to the constant din of rumbling trucks, rolling tires and honking horns. And, just like those urbanites who can’t get a good night’s sleep without the sporadic sounds of sirens, some frogs have grown accustomed to the rattle and hum of the highway.

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WASHINGTON -- Climate change plus population growth are setting the stage for water shortages in parts of the U.S. long before the end of the century, according to a new study in the AGU journal Earth's Future.

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PULLMAN, Wash. - Washington State University archaeologists have discovered the oldest tattooing artifact in western North America.

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Scientists from Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (SBP) have identified how prostate cancer transforms into a deadly treatment-resistant subtype following treatment with anti-androgen therapy. Their findings—which include the metabolic rewiring and the epigenetic alteration that drives this switch— reveal that an FDA-approved drug holds potential as a NEPC treatment. The research also uncovers new therapeutic avenues that could prevent this transformation from occurring. The study was published in Cancer Cell.

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A team of researchers led by Bradley Bernstein at the Ludwig Center at Harvard has used single-cell technologies and machine learning to create a detailed “atlas of cell states” for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that could help improve treatment of the aggressive cancer.

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Researchers at the San Diego branch of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research at University of California San Diego have identified an entirely new mechanism underlying the development and structure of the nervous system during embryogenesis.

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Researchers at the San Diego Branch of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research at UC San Diego report inhibiting activity of a specific protein in glioblastomas boosts their sensitivity to radiation, improving treatment prospects for one of the most common and aggressive forms of brain cancer.

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The oldest distinguishing feature between humans and our ape cousins is our ability to walk on two legs – a trait known as bipedalism. Among mammals, only humans and our ancestors perform this atypical balancing act. New research led by a Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine professor of anatomy provides evidence for greater reliance on terrestrial bipedalism by a human ancestor than previously suggested in the ancient fossil record.

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A new Johns Hopkins study offers promise towards someday being able to non-invasively examine changes in cancerous tumors to determine whether they’ll respond to radiation treatment, before treatment even begins.

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Researchers at Rockefeller University characterized a molecular spring attached to the membrane of inner ear cells that converts bending forces created by a sound wave to electrical signals that the brain can interpret.

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Researchers at the University of Oslo find that when lipids land on a surface they form tiny cell-like containers without external input, and that large organic molecules similar in size to DNA’s building blocks can spontaneously enter these protocells while they grow. Both of these are crucial steps towards forming a functioning cell.

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Warning to arachnophobes and the faint of heart: This is the stuff of nightmares, so you might want to proceed with caution. A University of Michigan-led team of biologists has documented 15 rare and disturbing predator-prey interactions in the Amazon rainforest including keep-you-up-at-night images of a dinner plate-size tarantula dragging a young opossum across the forest floor.

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Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine have identified a clear group of characteristics that predict heightened risk for experiencing increased anxiety or worsening of mood that interferes with daily activities when using a smoking cessation drug. Results are published in the February 27 online edition of the Journal of General Internal Medicine.

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Argonne scientists have developed a way to control the motion of swimming bacteria using 3-D-printed microscopic pillars. This advance might eventually influence microscopic transport, biomedicine and even microrobotics.

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Blocking two molecular pathways that send signals inside cancer cells could stave off esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), the most common esophageal malignancy in the United States, according to new research out of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine.