The oldest ice core so far provides 800,000 years of our planet’s climate history. A field survey in Antarctica has pinpointed a location where an entire million years of undisturbed ice might be preserved intact.
A new technique offers a 'molecular fingerprint' for functional groups, such as proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, which can signal the development of retinal disease
A team of researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology wondered whether federal regulators can persuade companies to abandon toxic chemicals by simply highlighting that information.
French researchers have developed a device that painlessly ionizes the top few microns of skin for analysis by mass spectrometry. The device is being tested to make surgery more efficient in pet dogs with sarcoma.
A team led by researchers from the Technion and NYU Langone has successfully impeded the development of mesothelioma - a disease for which there is currently no effective treatment. Mesothelioma, a cancer that develops in the thin membrane that protects the internal organs of the chest and abdomen, is in most cases caused by exposure to asbestos.
The American Pain Society (APS) today endorsed compromise legislation in the U.S. Senate amending provisions of the Marijuana Effective Studies Act of 2016, which removes excessive regulatory barriers inhibiting researchers from obtaining marijuana plants for studies to assess the drug’s medical effectiveness and safety.
Couples who eat more seafood tend to have sexual intercourse more often and get pregnant faster than other couples trying to conceive, according to a new study published in the Endocrine Society’s Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
How does a cell know when to divide? We know that hundreds of genes contribute to a wave of activity linked to cell division, but to generate that wave new research shows that cells must first grow large enough to produce four key proteins in adequate amounts.
In a new paper, published in the May 23 online issue of Science Translational Medicine, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine report that adult rat myelin actually stimulated axonal outgrowth in rat neural precursor cells (NPCs) and human induced pluripotent (iPSC)-derived neural stem cells (NSCs).
Columbia investigators have made a major breakthrough in nanophotonics research, with their invention of a novel “home-built” cryogenic near-field optical microscope that has enabled them to directly image, for the first time, the propagation and dynamics of graphene plasmons at variable temperatures down to negative 250 degrees Celsius. If researchers can harness this nanolight, they will be able to improve sensing, subwavelength waveguiding, and optical transmission of signals.
Families of critically ill hospital patients report higher satisfaction with clinician communication and a better perception of patient-centered care when the care team uses a low-cost strategy involving intensive emotional support and frequent meetings.
University of Delaware researchers are investigating genetic variations in DNA replication of human papillomaviruses (HPV) and its correlation with HPV-related cancers. The research illustrates specific changes in DNA sequences in HPV that correlate with cancer prognosis.
Addressing a critical issue for people with a genetic disorder called tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), doctors at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) reported that a skin cream containing rapamycin significantly reduced the disfiguring facial tumors affecting more than 90 percent of people with the condition.
Researchers have recently published results identifying the major sources of E. coli breakouts on several beaches on Lake Michigan. They have also researched an effective method of reducing the breakouts and the resulting beach closings.
One in five parents did not feel that their child with food allergy was safe while at school, according to results of a national survey published in BMC Pediatrics. While most of the 289 parents surveyed reported that their child’s school had implemented at least one food allergy policy, they felt that more could be done.
A new study has identified several key factors in postmenopausal women that are associated with height loss, a common occurrence in this age group that is known to increase the risk for death and disease.
A cross-campus collaboration led by Ulrich Wiesner, professor of engineering at Cornell University, has resulted in a novel energy storage device architecture that has the potential for lightning-quick charges for electronic devices.
You’ve got a full hour until your next meeting. But you probably won’t make the most of that time, new research suggests. In a series of eight studies, both in the lab and real life, researchers found that free time seems shorter to people when it comes before a task or appointment on their calendar.
Negative attitudes toward frozen vegetables may be impacting consumption of healthy foods, according to research by Stony Brook marketing professors published in Appetite. Consuming enough fruits and vegetables is important for maintaining a healthy diet and reducing risk factors for obesity and obesity-related illnesses. However, it’s estimated that 87% of the population in the United States doesn’t eat enough vegetables. Identifying barriers to vegetable consumption is important because lower income heads of households report they avoid buying fresh vegetables because they are afraid they will expire before they are consumed.
Researchers at Columbia Engineering have demonstrated, for the first time, a chip-based dual-comb spectrometer in the mid-infrared range, that requires no moving parts and can acquire spectra in less than 2 microseconds. The system, which consists of two mutually coherent, low-noise, microresonator-based frequency combs spanning 2600 nm to 4100 nm, could lead to the development of a spectroscopy lab-on-a-chip for real-time sensing on the nanosecond time scale.
Penn Medicine researchers found a statistically significant relationship between teen and young adult alcohol related social media engagement and both alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems.
Scientists added an imaging capability to Brookhaven Lab’s Center for Functional Nanomaterials that could provide the optoelectronic information needed to improve the performance of devices for power generation, communications, data storage, and lighting.
A novel non-hyperemic index of coronary stenosis severity called resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) was found to be diagnostically equivalent to instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) in the VALIDATE RFR study. The results were presented today at EuroPCR, the annual meeting of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions, by Ziad A. Ali, MD, DPhil, and simultaneously published in EuroIntervention.
A new discovery about how the immune system responds to common sinus infections and asthma could explain why patients develop these issues in the first place and ultimately may lead to improved targeted therapies.
Targeted cancer immunotherapy with irradiated, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-secreting, allogeneic cancer cell lines has been an effective approach to reduce tumor burden in several patients. A new paper in the Frontiers in Immunology highlights GM-CSF ability to shrink breast cancer tumors.
Exposure to early life trauma can elevate risk for poor physical and mental health in individuals and their children. A new epigenetics study in both men and mice posits that some of the vulnerability in children may derive from stress-associated reductions in microRNAs in their father’s sperm.
A new study suggests compassion meditation training may reduce the distress a person feels when witnessing another’s suffering. The findings may have implications for professions in which people routinely work with others who are suffering, like doctors, law enforcement officers and first responders.
Considering the size of red blood cells, a new model for blood flow sheds light on why blood sometimes prefers some vessels over others.
Os pesquisadores da Mayo Clinic descobriram que uma via de comunicação molecular – considerada ser deficiente em câncer – é um fator chave na determinação da eficácia do tratamento de câncer oncolítico do virus do sarampo em cânceres do cérebro agressivos e ovarianos. Esta descoberta permitiu que os pesquisadores desenvolvessem um algoritmo para prever a eficácia do tratamento em pacientes com câncer do cérebro e ovariano individuais. As constatações se encontram no Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
Study examines how microfinance institutions that provide collateral-free loans (mostly to women) can help their borrowers deal with consequences of climate change. The article suggests that these institutions will play an important role in adapting to climate change by increasing the resiliency of their borrowers.
In a new study, physicists at the University of Notre Dame examined how the mechanical properties of an environment may shape the social evolution of microbial populations.
Medical students seldom learn much about the real-life problems (hunger, joblessness, addiction) their patients face outside the clinic walls. Yet, these problems are at the root of poor health in many low-income communities. A new article published today in the Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved describes a new approach to educating medical students about the real world. The course, developed by the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, apprentices medical students to community health workers (CHWs) in inner city Philadelphia. CHWs are trusted laypeople who come from the local community, hired and trained by healthcare organizations to support high-risk patients.
A national retrospective study led by researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center found no association between intensity of post-treatment surveillance and detection of recurrence or overall survival (OS) in patients with stage I, II or III colorectal cancer (CRC). Published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the study is the largest of surveillance intensity in CRC ever conducted.
Black infants born prematurely are at higher risk for recurrent wheezing. This condition can cause the baby discomfort and is a risk factor for developing asthma later in life. In a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, a UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital physician researcher found black preterm infants experienced a significant decrease in recurrent wheezing with sustained supplementation of vitamin D.
Each year in the U.S., more than 300,000 people have heart surgery. To reduce risk of stroke for their patients, surgeons often will close the left atrial appendage, which is a small sac in the left side of the heart where many blood clots form, during these surgeries. Mayo Clinic researchers report today in JAMA that adding this procedure is likely the right choice for certain patients but not all.
Variation in expertise and risk-taking behaviors among investors regularly sends markets on roller-coaster rides. Researchers describe the intricate dynamics driving a financial markets model in this week’s Chaos. Their model takes aim to simulate asset pricing when mixed groups of investors enter a market. By examining bifurcation conditions, they described transitions between different chaotic dynamical regimes. They showed that their model can reflect the nature of real markets by switching between bear and bull dynamics.
When it comes to finding protection and a safe feeding ground, fish rely on towering blades of seaweed, like kelp, to create a three-dimensional hiding space. Kelp forests have been shown to be one of the most productive systems in the ocean with high biodiversity and ecological function. However, in recent decades, many kelp habitats have been taken over and replaced by lower turf-dominated seaweed species. Researchers at the University of New Hampshire have found that this change in the seascape may impact the behavior of fish and could be leaving them less options for refuge and more vulnerable to predators.
Despite the pervasive use of social media by young adults, little is known about whether, and how, social-media engagement influences their drinking patterns and risk of alcohol-related problems. Reviews thus far have looked at drinking relative to risky behaviors and advertising. This review examined associations between young adults’ alcohol-related social-media activity – defined as posting, liking, commenting on, and viewing of alcohol-related content on social media – and their drinking behaviors and alcohol-related problems.
New research from The Ohio State University has found that young people with subtle hearing loss – the kind they aren’t even aware of – are putting demands on their brains that typically wouldn’t be seen until later in life.
Products are available to quickly seal surface wounds, but rapidly stopping fatal internal bleeding has proven more difficult. Now, biomedical engineers at Texas A&M University are developing an injectable hydrogel bandage that could save lives in emergencies such as penetrating shrapnel wounds on the battlefield.
Prescription cough and cold medicines containing the opioid hydrocodone were more likely to cause serious side effects in children than those containing codeine, according to a new study from Penn State College of Medicine.
The local anesthetic drug, liposomal bupivacaine, did not reduce in-hospital opioid prescriptions or opioid-related complications in patients who received the drug during total knee replacement surgery as part of a multimodal approach to manage postsurgical pain, finds a new study published in the Online First edition of Anesthesiology.
Physical chemist Laura Fabris—an associate professor in the Materials Science and Engineering Department at Rutgers University and principal investigator of the Fabris NanoBio Group—uses the transmission electron microscopes at Brookhaven Lab’s Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) to visualize nanoparticles and understand how to optimize their morphology to improve clinical diagnoses.
New research shows how some harmful microbes in the soil have to contend not just with a farmer’s chemical attacks, but also with their microscopic neighbors — and themselves turn to chemical warfare to ward off threats.
sDuring embryonic development genetic cascades control gene activity and cell differentiation. In a new publication of the journal PNAS, the team of Ulrich Technau of the Department of Molecular Evolution and Development at the University of Vienna reported that besides the genetic program, also mechanical cues can contribute to the regulation of gene expression during development.
A new study shows that rising income inequality in the U.S. has led affluent parents to increase spending on their children, widening the gap in child investment along class lines. The results suggest that income inequality erodes the equality of opportunity by increasing gaps between children from a young age.
UCLA researchers lay out the probabilities that a person will develop Alzheimer’s disease dementia based on age, gender and the results of biomarker tests, which can detect the presence of certain protein fragments in brain and spinal fluid or for brain cell changes linked with the disease.
Three neurosurgeons from the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research in Chandigarh, India, set out to examine Michael Jackson's antigravity tilt, introduced in the music video “Smooth Criminal,” from a neurosurgeon’s point of view.
ISPOR, the professional society for health economics and outcomes research, held a session, “Defining Patient-Centeredness and Engagement in Health Economics and Outcomes Research: Proposed Definition and Stakeholder Response,” at ISPOR 2018 in Baltimore, MD, USA.
Most of what we know today about deadly bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa was obtained from studies done in laboratory settings. Research reported May 14 in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences shows that this laboratory-based information may have important limits for predicting how these bugs behave once they’ve invaded humans.
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