Feature Channels: Cell Biology

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3-May-2017 4:55 PM EDT
Potential Predictor of Glaucoma Damage Identified
Washington University in St. Louis

Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have identified a biomarker that appears linked to damage to cells in the retina of the eye. The marker may make it possible to better monitor the progression of glaucoma, as well as the effectiveness of treatment for the blinding disease.

Released: 3-May-2017 3:05 PM EDT
St. Jude Maps Genome Organization to Link Retinal Development and Retinoblastoma
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

A map of the genome organization and DNA modifications that control growth of normal and cancerous retinal cells offers scientists a new path to understanding retinoblastoma and degenerative retinal diseases.

3-May-2017 9:00 AM EDT
Mysterious Molecule’s Function in Skin Cancer Identified
Sanford Burnham Prebys

SBP researcher Ranjan Perera uncovered the M.O. of a mysterious lncRNA molecule called SPRIGHTLY that acts as a hub for cancer-related genes in the nucleus. The study identified “major” RNA binding partners – genes already implicated in a variety of cancers. In a mouse model of melanoma, tumors with reduced SPRIGHTLY grew more slowly, indicating use as a therapeutic target or biomarker. Science Advances.

Released: 2-May-2017 2:05 PM EDT
Pathways Leading to Beta Cell Division Identified, May Aid Diabetes Treatment
UC San Diego Health

Pancreatic beta cells help maintain normal blood glucose levels by producing the hormone insulin — the master regulator of energy (glucose). Impairment and the loss of beta cells interrupts insulin production, leading to type 1 and 2 diabetes. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine have, for the first time, mapped out pathways that regulate beta cell growth that could be exploited to trick them to regenerate.

Released: 2-May-2017 12:05 PM EDT
At Last, a Clue to Where Cancer Metastases Are Born
Scripps Research Institute

Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have discovered why some cancers may reoccur after years in remission.

   
Released: 2-May-2017 12:05 PM EDT
Researchers Create Human Inner Ear Organs That Could Lead To New Therapies For Hearing, Balance Impairments
Indiana University

Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine have successfully developed a method to grow inner ear tissue from human stem cells—a finding that could lead to new platforms to model disease and new therapies for the treatment of hearing and balance disorders.

27-Apr-2017 10:05 AM EDT
Stool Microbes Predict Advanced Liver Disease
UC San Diego Health

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — a condition that can lead to liver cirrhosis and cancer — isn’t typically detected until well advanced. Even then, diagnosis requires a biopsy. To more easily detect NAFLD, UC San Diego School of Medicine researchers and their collaborators report that the microbial makeup of a patient’s stool — gut microbiome — can be used to predict advanced NAFLD with 88 to 94 percent accuracy. The study is published May 2 in Cell Metabolism.

27-Apr-2017 11:00 AM EDT
First Extensive Immune Profile of Sarcomas Shows Some Likely Susceptible to Immunotherapy
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

Some types of sarcomas elicit a greater immune response than others, which sheds light on how immunotherapy could be used for this connective-tissue cancer, according to a new study in Cancer. Photos, video available: http://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/media-relations/bios-photos/pollack-seth.html

Released: 2-May-2017 8:05 AM EDT
Research Into Tumour Cells Begins at University of Warwick
University of Warwick

The University of Warwick has started research to understand the cause of brain tumours. A team based at the University’s Warwick Medical School will study brain tumour cells in the lab to understand more about the cell division process, and how it can cause cancer when it goes wrong.

Released: 1-May-2017 4:05 PM EDT
Combination Therapy Could Provide New Treatment Option for Ovarian Cancer
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Health Sciences

UCLA study identifies a potential test that may help select patients for whom combination therapy could be most effective

28-Apr-2017 2:15 PM EDT
Smoking-Related Heart Disease Tied to Effects of a Single Gene
Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Smoking counteracts the effect of a gene that normally protects against heart disease, according to a group of researchers.

28-Apr-2017 10:05 AM EDT
It’s All in the Math: New Tool Provides Roadmap for Cell Development
Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Columbia University researchers have created a new tool, based on the principles of topology, to generate a roadmap of the many possible ways in which a stem cell may develop into specialized cells.

   
27-Apr-2017 8:00 AM EDT
Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Appoints Three New Members to the Board of Trustees
Sanford Burnham Prebys

Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (SBP) announces the appointment of three new members to the board of trustees. Joining the board are Donald J. Rosenberg, J.D., Kazumi Shiosaki, Ph.D., and James M. Myers.

27-Apr-2017 11:00 AM EDT
Single Gene Encourages Growth of Intestinal Stem Cells, Supporting "Niche" Cells--and Cancer
Johns Hopkins Medicine

A gene previously identified as critical for tumor growth in many human cancers also maintains intestinal stem cells and encourages the growth of cells that support them, according to results of a study led by Johns Hopkins researchers. The finding, reported in the Apr. 28 issue of Nature Communications, adds to evidence for the intimate link between stem cells and cancer, and advances prospects for regenerative medicine and cancer treatments.

26-Apr-2017 3:00 PM EDT
Stem Cells Edited to Fight Arthritis
Washington University in St. Louis

Using CRISPR technology, a team of researchers led by Farshid Guilak, PhD, at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, rewired stem cells' genetic circuits to produce an anti-inflammatory arthritis drug when the cells encounter inflammation. The technique eventually could act as a vaccine for arthritis and other chronic conditions.

Released: 27-Apr-2017 11:05 AM EDT
Researchers Explore Innovative Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Multiple Myeloma
Baylor Scott and White Health

A new clinical trial at Baylor Scott & White Research Institute is exploring a novel treatment option for patients with multiple myeloma, a type of cancer formed in bone marrow plasma cells that is considered incurable.

17-Apr-2017 8:00 AM EDT
Can Aromatherapy Calm Competition Horses?
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB)

Although studies suggest that inhaling certain scents may reduce stress in humans, aromatherapy is relatively unexplored in veterinary medicine. But new research presented today at the American Physiological Society (APS) annual meeting at Experimental Biology 2017 in Chicago raises the question of whether aromatherapy may be beneficial to horses as well.

Released: 26-Apr-2017 1:05 PM EDT
How Therapeutic Antibodies Target, Destroy Viruses
South Dakota State University, EPSCoR, and BioSNTR

BioSNTR researchers are investigating how antibodies recognize their targets, activate immune cells and clear influenza from the body. What they learn will result in technologies that biotechnology companies can use to evaluate the effectiveness of their antibody therapeutics.

Released: 26-Apr-2017 10:00 AM EDT
Clearing Out Old Cells Could Extend Joint Health, Stop Osteoarthritis
Johns Hopkins Medicine

In a preclinical study in mice and human cells, researchers report that selectively removing old or 'senescent' cells from joints could stop and even reverse the progression of osteoarthritis.

17-Apr-2017 8:00 AM EDT
New Progress Toward Finding Best Cells for Liver Therapy
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB)

In an important step toward using transplanted cells to treat liver failure, researchers demonstrate successful transplantation of fetal rat liver cells to an injured adult rat liver.

17-Apr-2017 8:00 AM EDT
Michael A Gimbrone, Jr, MD, to Receive the ASIP 2017 Gold-Headed Cane Award
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB)

The Gold-Headed Cane Award is the most distinctive honor granted by ASIP, in recognition of long-term contributions to pathology, including meritorious research, outstanding teaching, general excellence in the field and leadership in pathology. The 2017 recipient of the Gold-Headed Cane Award is Dr. Michael A Gimbrone, Jr, Director of the Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the Elsie T Friedman Professor of Pathology at Harvard Medical School.

17-Apr-2017 8:00 AM EDT
p53 Critical to Recovering from Acetaminophen Overdose
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB)

A new study shows that after an acetaminophen overdose, the p53 protein plays a key role in preventing the progression of liver damage and signaling the liver to repair itself. The findings could lead to new treatments for people who overdose on this popular pain reliever and fever reducer.

Released: 26-Apr-2017 9:15 AM EDT
New Approach Accelerates Search for Cancer Cures Dramatically
University of Virginia Health System

A new technique will let a single cancer research lab do the work of dozens, dramatically accelerating the search for cures. The technique will benefit every disease driven by gene mutations, from cystic fibrosis to Alzheimer’s.

24-Apr-2017 2:05 PM EDT
Hamilton Patient First to Receive Experimental Immunotherapy Combination for Cancer in Clinical Trial
McMaster University

Experts at Hamilton Health Sciences (HHS) and McMaster University, in partnership with The Ottawa Hospital, have begun a clinical trial to determine if the unique experimental immunotherapy combination may be able to treat non-small cell lung cancer. The experimental therapy combines two different viruses with an approved drug to stimulate the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.

25-Apr-2017 6:05 AM EDT
Risk of Obesity Influenced by Changes in Our Genes
University of Southampton

A child’s risk of obesity as they grow up can be influenced by modifications to their DNA prior to birth, a new University of Southampton study has shown.

25-Apr-2017 3:05 PM EDT
New Insights on Triggering Muscle Formation
Sanford Burnham Prebys

A team of scientists led by Lorenzo Puri, M.D., Ph.D., has identified a previously unrecognized step in stem cell-mediated muscle regeneration. The study, published in Genes and Development, helps explain why muscle stem cells lose the ability to generate new muscle as they age and provides insight into accelerated muscle stem cell aging in muscular dystrophy.

Released: 25-Apr-2017 3:05 PM EDT
Scientists Unravel How Protein Impacts Intellectual Disability
Scripps Research Institute

Scientists from the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have shown that a protein helps balance nerve cell communication.

Released: 25-Apr-2017 11:05 AM EDT
“Cyclops” Algorithm Spots Daily Rhythms in Cells
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

Humans, like virtually all other complex organisms on Earth, have adapted to their planet’s 24-hour cycle of sunlight and darkness. That circadian rhythm is reflected in human behavior, of course, but also in the molecular workings of our cells. Now scientists have developed a powerful tool for detecting and characterizing those molecular rhythms -- a tool that could have many new medical applications, such as more accurate dosing for existing medications.

Released: 24-Apr-2017 6:05 PM EDT
Skin Stem Cells Used to Generate New Brain Cells
University of California, Irvine

Using human skin cells, University of California, Irvine neurobiologists and their colleagues have created a method to generate one of the principle cell types of the brain called microglia, which play a key role in preserving the function of neural networks and responding to injury and disease.

   
21-Apr-2017 12:05 PM EDT
Detection of wtEGFR Amplification and EGFRvIII Mutation in CSF-Derived Extracellular Vesicles of High-Grade Glioma Patients
American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)

Winner of the Preuss Award, Javier Figueroa, MD, presented his research, Detection of wtEGFR Amplification and EGFRvIII Mutation in CSF-Derived Extracellular Vesicles of High-Grade Glioma Patients, during the 2017 American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) Annual Scientific Meeting.

21-Apr-2017 12:05 PM EDT
White Blood Cell Count and Neutrophil‑lymphocyte Ratio Improve Prediction of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Good‑grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)

Winner of the DePuy Synthes Cerebrovascular Award, Fawaz Al-Mufti, MD, presented his research, White Blood Cell Count and Neutrophil‑lymphocyte Ratio Improve Prediction of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Good‑grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, during the 2017 American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) Annual Scientific Meeting.

   
19-Apr-2017 2:05 PM EDT
Implanted Scaffold with T Cells Rapidly Shrinks Tumors
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

A biopolymer structure enriched with nutrients shows how immunotherapy could be adapted for solid tumors, according to study in The Journal of Clinical Investigation.

17-Apr-2017 8:00 AM EDT
Nanosponges Lessen Severity of Streptococcal Infections
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB)

In a new study, researchers show that engineered nanosponges can reduce the severity of infections caused by the bacteria responsible for strep throat and flesh-eating disease.

   
20-Apr-2017 10:30 AM EDT
Einstein’s 2017 Stem Cell Symposium Spotlights Epigenetics and Metabolism
Albert Einstein College of Medicine

On Monday, April 24, the Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine will host its third Stem Cell Symposium, focusing on the importance of cell metabolism and epigenetics. Leading scientists from the U.S., Japan and Germany will present their latest research and describe the hurdles to translating new finding into therapeutics.

Released: 24-Apr-2017 10:05 AM EDT
LJI Professor Klaus Ley Wins Prestigious National Award
La Jolla Institute for Immunology

Professor Klaus Ley, M.D., has been selected as this year’s winner of the Eugene M. Landis Award, the Microcirculatory Society’s top honor, in recognition of his pioneering work in vascular biology and microcirculation. The microcirculation comprises all the small blood vessels in all tissues and organs and their contents (blood plasma and blood cells).

17-Apr-2017 8:00 AM EDT
Altered Immune Cells May Both Contribute to Preeclampsia and Offer New Hope for Treatment
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB)

In a new study presented today at the APS annual meeting at Experimental Biology 2017, researchers have found that the immune system’s natural killer (NK) cells activate and change in response to placental ischemia. Disrupting these altered cells seems to blunt some of the dangerous complications of the condition, including high blood pressure (hypertension) and inflammation in the mother and growth restriction in the fetus.

   
17-Apr-2017 8:00 AM EDT
In Experiments on Earth, Testing Possible Building Blocks of Alien Life
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB)

Extraterrestrial life, if it exists, could use different amino acid building blocks than living things here on Earth. To better understand what alien life might look like, researchers are studying which amino acids stand up to the types of extreme conditions found on other planets and moons.

17-Apr-2017 8:00 AM EDT
4 Exciting Diabetes and Obesity Research Discoveries
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB)

With more than one-third of adults in the U.S. considered obese, researchers are searching for new ways to treat obesity and associated health problems such as type 2 diabetes. The Experimental Biology 2017 meeting will showcase new insights into the causes of obesity and research that could inform new strategies for losing weight

   
17-Apr-2017 4:50 PM EDT
Using CRISPR to Reverse Retinitis Pigmentosa and Restore Visual Function
UC San Diego Health

Using the gene-editing tool CRISPR/Cas9, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine and Shiley Eye Institute at UC San Diego Health, with colleagues in China, have reprogrammed mutated rod photoreceptors to become functioning cone photoreceptors, reversing cellular degeneration and restoring visual function in two mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa.

17-Apr-2017 11:05 AM EDT
Naked Mole-Rats Turn Into Plants When Oxygen Is Low
University of Illinois Chicago

Deprived of oxygen, naked mole-rats can survive by metabolizing fructose just as plants do, researchers report this week in the journal Science – a finding that could lead to treatments for heart attacks and strokes.

Released: 20-Apr-2017 1:05 PM EDT
Study Overturns Seminal Research About the Developing Nervous System
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Health Sciences

New research by scientists at the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA overturns a long-standing paradigm about how axons grow during embryonic development. The findings of the study, led by Samantha Butler, associate professor of neurobiology, could help scientists replicate or control the way axons grow, which may be applicable for diseases that affect the nervous system, such as diabetes, as well as injuries that sever nerves.

19-Apr-2017 8:00 AM EDT
Discovering the Basics of “Active Touch”
Johns Hopkins Medicine

Working with genetically engineered mice -- and especially their whiskers -- Johns Hopkins researchers report they have identified a group of nerve cells in the skin responsible for what they call "active touch," a combination of motion and sensory feeling needed to navigate the external world. The discovery of this basic sensory mechanism, described online April 20 in the journal Neuron, advances the search for better "smart" prosthetics for people, ones that provide more natural sensory feedback to the brain during use.

Released: 20-Apr-2017 7:05 AM EDT
Looping the Genome: How Cohesin Does the Trick
IMP - Research Institute of Molecular Pathology

DNA molecules in the cells‘ nuclei are neatly folded into loops. This serves to wrap them up tightly, but also to bring distant gene regulatory sequences into close contact. In a paper published this week by NATURE, scientists at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) in Vienna describe how cohesin might do the trick.

Released: 19-Apr-2017 5:05 PM EDT
Natural Experiment, Dogged Investigation, Yield Clue to Devastating Neurological Disease
University of Wisconsin–Madison

After a 29-year quest, Ian Duncan, a professor of veterinary medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, has finally pinpointed the cause of a serious neurologic disease in a colony of rats.

Released: 19-Apr-2017 4:05 PM EDT
Defective HIV Proviruses Reduce Effective Immune System Response, Interfere with HIV Cure
George Washington University

A new study finds defective HIV proviruses, long thought to be harmless, produce viral proteins and distract the immune system from killing intact proviruses needed to reduce the HIV reservoir and cure HIV. The study was published by researchers at the George Washington University and Johns Hopkins University in Cell Host & Microbe.

Released: 19-Apr-2017 3:05 PM EDT
As DNA Tests Become More Common, Researchers Rapidly Add Equipment to Keep Up
Texas A&M AgriLife

April 25 is National DNA Day commemorating the day in 1953 when scientists published papers in the journal Nature on the structure of DNA. Now, 64 years later, the concept is much more familiar to the average person and researchers are challenged to keep pace with ever-changing technology.

Released: 19-Apr-2017 3:05 PM EDT
Going Viral: Using a Deadly Disease to Kill Ovarian Cancer
Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital

After studying viruses for 15 years, Dr. Anthony van den Pol believes he has found one that can safely and effectively kill chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer.

17-Apr-2017 8:00 AM EDT
Antibody Helps Detect Protein Implicated in Alzheimer’s, Other Diseases
Washington University in St. Louis

Tangles of the protein tau dot the brains of people with diseases like Alzheimer’s. Now, researchers have found a way to measure tau in the blood that accurately reflects tau in the brain. The study, in mice and a small group of people, could be the first step towards a non-invasive test for tau.

Released: 19-Apr-2017 1:45 PM EDT
Closer Look at Brain Circuits Reveals Important Role of Genetics
Scripps Research Institute

Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) in La Jolla have revealed new clues to the wiring of the brain. A team led by Associate Professor Anton Maximov found that neurons in brain regions that store memory can form networks in the absence of synaptic activity.



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