Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have identified a biomarker that appears linked to damage to cells in the retina of the eye. The marker may make it possible to better monitor the progression of glaucoma, as well as the effectiveness of treatment for the blinding disease.
A map of the genome organization and DNA modifications that control growth of normal and cancerous retinal cells offers scientists a new path to understanding retinoblastoma and degenerative retinal diseases.
SBP researcher Ranjan Perera uncovered the M.O. of a mysterious lncRNA molecule called SPRIGHTLY that acts as a hub for cancer-related genes in the nucleus. The study identified “major” RNA binding partners – genes already implicated in a variety of cancers. In a mouse model of melanoma, tumors with reduced SPRIGHTLY grew more slowly, indicating use as a therapeutic target or biomarker. Science Advances.
Pancreatic beta cells help maintain normal blood glucose levels by producing the hormone insulin — the master regulator of energy (glucose). Impairment and the loss of beta cells interrupts insulin production, leading to type 1 and 2 diabetes. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine have, for the first time, mapped out pathways that regulate beta cell growth that could be exploited to trick them to regenerate.
Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have discovered why some cancers may reoccur after years in remission.
Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine have successfully developed a method to grow inner ear tissue from human stem cells—a finding that could lead to new platforms to model disease and new therapies for the treatment of hearing and balance disorders.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — a condition that can lead to liver cirrhosis and cancer — isn’t typically detected until well advanced. Even then, diagnosis requires a biopsy. To more easily detect NAFLD, UC San Diego School of Medicine researchers and their collaborators report that the microbial makeup of a patient’s stool — gut microbiome — can be used to predict advanced NAFLD with 88 to 94 percent accuracy. The study is published May 2 in Cell Metabolism.
Some types of sarcomas elicit a greater immune response than others, which sheds light on how immunotherapy could be used for this connective-tissue cancer, according to a new study in Cancer. Photos, video available: http://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/media-relations/bios-photos/pollack-seth.html
The University of Warwick has started research to understand the cause of brain tumours. A team based at the University’s Warwick Medical School will study brain tumour cells in the lab to understand more about the cell division process, and how it can cause cancer when it goes wrong.
UCLA study identifies a potential test that may help select patients for whom combination therapy could be most effective
Smoking counteracts the effect of a gene that normally protects against heart disease, according to a group of researchers.
Columbia University researchers have created a new tool, based on the principles of topology, to generate a roadmap of the many possible ways in which a stem cell may develop into specialized cells.
Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (SBP) announces the appointment of three new members to the board of trustees. Joining the board are Donald J. Rosenberg, J.D., Kazumi Shiosaki, Ph.D., and James M. Myers.
A gene previously identified as critical for tumor growth in many human cancers also maintains intestinal stem cells and encourages the growth of cells that support them, according to results of a study led by Johns Hopkins researchers. The finding, reported in the Apr. 28 issue of Nature Communications, adds to evidence for the intimate link between stem cells and cancer, and advances prospects for regenerative medicine and cancer treatments.
Using CRISPR technology, a team of researchers led by Farshid Guilak, PhD, at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, rewired stem cells' genetic circuits to produce an anti-inflammatory arthritis drug when the cells encounter inflammation. The technique eventually could act as a vaccine for arthritis and other chronic conditions.
A new clinical trial at Baylor Scott & White Research Institute is exploring a novel treatment option for patients with multiple myeloma, a type of cancer formed in bone marrow plasma cells that is considered incurable.
Although studies suggest that inhaling certain scents may reduce stress in humans, aromatherapy is relatively unexplored in veterinary medicine. But new research presented today at the American Physiological Society (APS) annual meeting at Experimental Biology 2017 in Chicago raises the question of whether aromatherapy may be beneficial to horses as well.
BioSNTR researchers are investigating how antibodies recognize their targets, activate immune cells and clear influenza from the body. What they learn will result in technologies that biotechnology companies can use to evaluate the effectiveness of their antibody therapeutics.
In a preclinical study in mice and human cells, researchers report that selectively removing old or 'senescent' cells from joints could stop and even reverse the progression of osteoarthritis.
In an important step toward using transplanted cells to treat liver failure, researchers demonstrate successful transplantation of fetal rat liver cells to an injured adult rat liver.
The Gold-Headed Cane Award is the most distinctive honor granted by ASIP, in recognition of long-term contributions to pathology, including meritorious research, outstanding teaching, general excellence in the field and leadership in pathology. The 2017 recipient of the Gold-Headed Cane Award is Dr. Michael A Gimbrone, Jr, Director of the Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the Elsie T Friedman Professor of Pathology at Harvard Medical School.
A new study shows that after an acetaminophen overdose, the p53 protein plays a key role in preventing the progression of liver damage and signaling the liver to repair itself. The findings could lead to new treatments for people who overdose on this popular pain reliever and fever reducer.
A new technique will let a single cancer research lab do the work of dozens, dramatically accelerating the search for cures. The technique will benefit every disease driven by gene mutations, from cystic fibrosis to Alzheimer’s.
Experts at Hamilton Health Sciences (HHS) and McMaster University, in partnership with The Ottawa Hospital, have begun a clinical trial to determine if the unique experimental immunotherapy combination may be able to treat non-small cell lung cancer. The experimental therapy combines two different viruses with an approved drug to stimulate the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
A child’s risk of obesity as they grow up can be influenced by modifications to their DNA prior to birth, a new University of Southampton study has shown.
A team of scientists led by Lorenzo Puri, M.D., Ph.D., has identified a previously unrecognized step in stem cell-mediated muscle regeneration. The study, published in Genes and Development, helps explain why muscle stem cells lose the ability to generate new muscle as they age and provides insight into accelerated muscle stem cell aging in muscular dystrophy.
Scientists from the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have shown that a protein helps balance nerve cell communication.
Humans, like virtually all other complex organisms on Earth, have adapted to their planet’s 24-hour cycle of sunlight and darkness. That circadian rhythm is reflected in human behavior, of course, but also in the molecular workings of our cells. Now scientists have developed a powerful tool for detecting and characterizing those molecular rhythms -- a tool that could have many new medical applications, such as more accurate dosing for existing medications.
Using human skin cells, University of California, Irvine neurobiologists and their colleagues have created a method to generate one of the principle cell types of the brain called microglia, which play a key role in preserving the function of neural networks and responding to injury and disease.
Winner of the Preuss Award, Javier Figueroa, MD, presented his research, Detection of wtEGFR Amplification and EGFRvIII Mutation in CSF-Derived Extracellular Vesicles of High-Grade Glioma Patients, during the 2017 American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) Annual Scientific Meeting.
Winner of the DePuy Synthes Cerebrovascular Award, Fawaz Al-Mufti, MD, presented his research, White Blood Cell Count and Neutrophil‑lymphocyte Ratio Improve Prediction of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Good‑grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, during the 2017 American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) Annual Scientific Meeting.
A biopolymer structure enriched with nutrients shows how immunotherapy could be adapted for solid tumors, according to study in The Journal of Clinical Investigation.
In a new study, researchers show that engineered nanosponges can reduce the severity of infections caused by the bacteria responsible for strep throat and flesh-eating disease.
On Monday, April 24, the Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine will host its third Stem Cell Symposium, focusing on the importance of cell metabolism and epigenetics. Leading scientists from the U.S., Japan and Germany will present their latest research and describe the hurdles to translating new finding into therapeutics.
Professor Klaus Ley, M.D., has been selected as this year’s winner of the Eugene M. Landis Award, the Microcirculatory Society’s top honor, in recognition of his pioneering work in vascular biology and microcirculation. The microcirculation comprises all the small blood vessels in all tissues and organs and their contents (blood plasma and blood cells).
In a new study presented today at the APS annual meeting at Experimental Biology 2017, researchers have found that the immune system’s natural killer (NK) cells activate and change in response to placental ischemia. Disrupting these altered cells seems to blunt some of the dangerous complications of the condition, including high blood pressure (hypertension) and inflammation in the mother and growth restriction in the fetus.
Extraterrestrial life, if it exists, could use different amino acid building blocks than living things here on Earth. To better understand what alien life might look like, researchers are studying which amino acids stand up to the types of extreme conditions found on other planets and moons.
With more than one-third of adults in the U.S. considered obese, researchers are searching for new ways to treat obesity and associated health problems such as type 2 diabetes. The Experimental Biology 2017 meeting will showcase new insights into the causes of obesity and research that could inform new strategies for losing weight
Using the gene-editing tool CRISPR/Cas9, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine and Shiley Eye Institute at UC San Diego Health, with colleagues in China, have reprogrammed mutated rod photoreceptors to become functioning cone photoreceptors, reversing cellular degeneration and restoring visual function in two mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa.
Deprived of oxygen, naked mole-rats can survive by metabolizing fructose just as plants do, researchers report this week in the journal Science – a finding that could lead to treatments for heart attacks and strokes.
New research by scientists at the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA overturns a long-standing paradigm about how axons grow during embryonic development. The findings of the study, led by Samantha Butler, associate professor of neurobiology, could help scientists replicate or control the way axons grow, which may be applicable for diseases that affect the nervous system, such as diabetes, as well as injuries that sever nerves.
Working with genetically engineered mice -- and especially their whiskers -- Johns Hopkins researchers report they have identified a group of nerve cells in the skin responsible for what they call "active touch," a combination of motion and sensory feeling needed to navigate the external world. The discovery of this basic sensory mechanism, described online April 20 in the journal Neuron, advances the search for better "smart" prosthetics for people, ones that provide more natural sensory feedback to the brain during use.
DNA molecules in the cells‘ nuclei are neatly folded into loops. This serves to wrap them up tightly, but also to bring distant gene regulatory sequences into close contact. In a paper published this week by NATURE, scientists at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) in Vienna describe how cohesin might do the trick.
After a 29-year quest, Ian Duncan, a professor of veterinary medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, has finally pinpointed the cause of a serious neurologic disease in a colony of rats.
A new study finds defective HIV proviruses, long thought to be harmless, produce viral proteins and distract the immune system from killing intact proviruses needed to reduce the HIV reservoir and cure HIV. The study was published by researchers at the George Washington University and Johns Hopkins University in Cell Host & Microbe.
April 25 is National DNA Day commemorating the day in 1953 when scientists published papers in the journal Nature on the structure of DNA. Now, 64 years later, the concept is much more familiar to the average person and researchers are challenged to keep pace with ever-changing technology.
After studying viruses for 15 years, Dr. Anthony van den Pol believes he has found one that can safely and effectively kill chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer.
Tangles of the protein tau dot the brains of people with diseases like Alzheimer’s. Now, researchers have found a way to measure tau in the blood that accurately reflects tau in the brain. The study, in mice and a small group of people, could be the first step towards a non-invasive test for tau.
Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) in La Jolla have revealed new clues to the wiring of the brain. A team led by Associate Professor Anton Maximov found that neurons in brain regions that store memory can form networks in the absence of synaptic activity.
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