Children as young as 14 months can "“ and do -- use a "chunking" strategy (akin to breaking up a phone number or Social Security number into small chunks) to assist their working memories.
A new mathematical model by researchers at the University of Michigan suggests that bluffing in prediction markets is a profitable strategy more often than previously thought.
In one of the first studies to link molecular genetic variants to adolescent delinquency, sociological research published in the August issue of the American Sociological Review identifies three genetic predictors"”of serious and violent delinquency"”that gain predictive precision when considered together with social influences, such as family, friends and school processes.
Children appear to be naturally inclined to feel empathy for others in pain, according to researchers who used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scans. Children show responses to seeing someone in pain in the same areas of their brains. Additional aspects of the brain were activated when youngsters saw another person hurt.
In a new study published in Pediatrics, Paul T. Shattuck, Ph.D., professor of social work at Washington University in St. Louis, found that families with similar demographics and nature of their children's special needs have different out-of-pocket health expenditures depending on the state in which they live. He notes that wealthier states tend to have a lower average extra cost for caring for a child with special needs. "At the low end, families in Massachusetts paid an average of $560 for out-of-pocket medical expenses," he says.
The game of baseball was designed to make a lefty the "Natural," according to David A. Peters, Ph.D., the McDonnell Douglas Professor of Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis, and uber baseball fan. Peters is a mechanical engineer who specializes in aircraft and helicopter engineering and has a different approach to viewing America's Favorite Pastime.
A Dalhousie PhD student in experimental psychology says hands-free cellphones are not safer and may even be more dangerous than hand-held.
Can you hear what a person looks like? "The mere sound of a person's voice contains important, embedded biological information," says Susan Hughes, assistant professor of psychology at Albright College in Reading, Pa., who has researched vocal attractiveness and body symmetry.
Imagine a business executive who thinks: "I know that this new policy will harm the environment, but I don't care at all about that "“ I just want to increase profits." Is the business executive harming the environment intentionally? Faced with this question from a University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill philosopher, 82 percent of people polled said yes.
Just a few weeks ago you were anxiously counting the days until your precious child came home from college. Now you just can't wait to restore the peace in your home and get the kid back to school again.
The decision to vote is partly genetic, according to a new study published in the American Political Science Review.
The University of Maryland's Center for Young Children offers some great tips for parents looking to find the right day care program for their child.
College Park, Md. - The modern Olympic ideals differ dramatically from the way the games were actually played in ancient Greece, says a University of Maryland classicist who has heavily researched the Olympic past. The ancient games featured professionals with a "winning is everything" philosophy.
People fall into a pattern. They start out with the best intentions and do well for a little while "¦ but then fall back into old habits. It's a classic health trap: two steps forward, three steps back. People end up feeling bad about themselves. Moreover, the two-steps-forward-three-steps-back dance ends up increasing the health problems the behavioral changes were supposed to address in the first place.
Northeastern University researchers found that moral hypocrisy, in which people judge their own moral transgressions more leniently than those of others, stems from cognitive rationalizations. The study in this month's Journal of Experimental Social Psychology discusses how bias toward self disappears under cognitive constraint.
A new marketing study shows that without an interpretive footnote or further information on recommended daily value, many consumers do not know how to interpret the meaning of trans-fat content on the Nutrition Facts panel. In fact, without specific prior knowledge about trans fat and its negative health effects, consumers, including those at risk for heart disease, may misinterpret nutrient information provided on the panel, which is required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
A University of Maryland study found that ego defensiveness, one of the triggers that ignites road rage, also kicks off parental "sideline rage," and that a parent with a control-oriented personality is more likely to react to that trigger by becoming angry and aggressive.
A team of researchers at Northeastern University's Institute on Race and Justice, in collaboration with Arizona State University and Sam Houston State University, has issued a report about the incidence of and response to human trafficking in the United States.
Emergency dispatchers, caseworkers and other public service workers perform "emotional" labor that should be valued in the same manner as mental and physical labor, according to a new book co-authored by a University of Illinois at Chicago researcher.
Grandmothers raising their grandchildren orphaned by AIDS in Kenya and Tanzania are learning skills and developing economic self-reliance through a program created by Wake Forest University faculty member Mary Martin Niepold.
In the beginning was the word "” followed by printing presses and typography that brought new depths of meaning and creativity to language. For some designers and printers, the ultimate challenge is the Bible, the design of which could be affected by politics and religious beliefs, as well as by aesthetic and commercial concerns.
Rude behavior can make you crazy, but confronting a rude person isn't easy either. Johns Hopkins University's resident civility maven P.M. Forni provides advice in his new book, "The Civility Solution: What to Do When People Are Rude."
Contrary to the popular perception of a so-called "opting out revolution," new sociological research from the June issue of the American Sociological Review reveals that professional women's employment rates have continually pushed higher over time, and that the employment gap between mothers and childless women is shrinking.
Expecting to be treated with prejudice may be part of a self-fulfilling prophecy, according to new research led by a University of Toronto psychologist.
A new study of self-assessed job satisfaction, gender and ethnicity in the U.S. military finds that African-American and Latino men and women have higher job satisfaction than white men, says Jennifer Hickes Lundquist of the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
University of Utah law professor Amos Guiora to testify before a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on "Improving Detainee Policy: Handling Terrorism Detainees within the American Justice System." The hearing begins June 4 at 10:00 a.m. EDT in room 226 of the Senate Dirksen Office Building in Washington, D.C.
A study in the Spring issue of Social Studies Research and Practice finds that lessons about folk art can be an effective tool for teaching young children about community, history and diversity.
Psychologists at the University of Virginia and the University of Plymouth (United Kingdom) have conducted experimental research that contrasts with the belief that happy children are the best learners. The findings, which currently appear online in the journal Developmental Science, and will be printed in the June issue, show that where attention to detail is required, happy children may be at a disadvantage.
A study by a University of South Carolina psychology researcher featured in the journal, Experimental Psychology, provides a better understanding of why language "“ talking and listening, including on a cell phone "“ interferes with visual tasks, such as driving. Measurement of attention levels showed that subjects were four times more distracted while preparing to speak or speaking than when they were listening.
The legal profession's efforts to promote diversity are working to get women lawyers in the law firm door, but once they're in, they remain less likely to be promoted to partner, a new study by a University of Iowa sociologist shows.
The rapidly emerging, exceptionally well-financed, and theologically questionable megachurches in our country have been debated and examined recently by journalists, lawmakers and theologians alike.
University of Alberta researcher Lindsey Leenaars found high-school females who viewed themselves as attractive had a 35% higher risk of being indirectly victimized. This study was recently published in the journal Aggressive Behavior.
The University of Maryland's Gary LaFree, director of the world's largest and most comprehensive open-source terror database, disagrees with a new report challenging the "expert consensus" that international terrorism fatalities are rising. In large part, the issue is whether to count Iraqi civilian deaths as incidents of terror.
Teenage girls whose boyfriends are gang members are nearly twice as likely to become pregnant as those not dating boys involved with gangs, according a recent study by researchers at RTI International, the University of California San Francisco and the University of North Carolina.
A 30-second video created by Florida State University film student Paul Seetachitt has won first prize in a public service announcement (PSA) contest sponsored by the Center for International Disaster Information (CIDI).
Instant messaging. Blogs. Wikis. Social networking sites. Cell phones. All of these allow us to communicate with each other"”wherever, whenever. Many people speculate that online and mobile technologies have widely impacted written language, especially that of teenagers and young adults. Naomi Baron, a professor of linguistics at American University, says that surprisingly, this probably isn't so.
The "21 for 21" ritual, where 21st birthday revelers attempt to down 21 alcoholic drinks, is highly prevalent among college students, according to new research. In the largest study of its kind, researchers at the University of Missouri determined that many college students drink to excess on their 21st birthdays and potentially jeopardize their health.
Teenage girls of all ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds still experience sexism and sexual harassment "“ but cultural factors may control whether they perceive sexism as an environmental problem or as evidence of their own shortcomings.
Infants and toddlers whose mothers are severely depressed are almost three times more likely to suffer accidental injuries than other children in the same age group, according to a new study. The study's findings, published today in the Advanced Access edition of the Journal of Pediatric Psychology, suggest that proper treatment for depression would improve not only the mothers' health, but the health of young children as well.
Race is not a factor in the firing of NBA coaches, although white coaches with losing records had somewhat longer tenures before being fired than African-American coaches with more losses than wins, a new study shows.
As temperatures warm, farm fields begin to green and outdoor farmers' markets get under way, the time is ripe for thinking about local foods. For Madison residents, finding locally produced foods is now just a mouse click away.
Maryland Journalism Professor (Emeritus) Douglas Gomery has written the quintessential history book about broadcasting in the United States. He is not afraid to tell you what he thinks about where the industry - and some of its stars - are headed in the future.
The post-university years can start out tough. The good news: it gets better. A new University of Alberta study of almost 600 of its graduates (ages 20-29 years old) tracked mental health symptoms in participants for seven years post-graduation and looked at how key events like leaving home and becoming a parent were related to depression and anger. Graduates showed a significant decrease in depressive symptoms over the seven years.
In the long-standing battle for journalistic freedom, the victor is the Bush Administration and its embedded media program in Iraq, according to sociologist Andrew M. Lindner, writing in the spring issue of the American Sociological Association's Contexts magazine.
If women find their husbands reluctant to fold the laundry or wash the dishes, they may want to hide the television remote. New research from the University of New Hampshire shows that men, in particular, are influenced by television commercials that more often portray them in a career environment than doing domestic duties.
A Central Michigan University study has determined that many college students have sleep patterns that could have detrimental effects on their daily performance, including academics and driving.
Fewer than 4 percent of the nation's firefighters are women, and more than half of paid fire departments have never hired a female firefighter, finds a new report issued by Cornell's Institute for Women and Work in the ILR School in partnership with several co-authors.
The sexualization of tween girls"”dubbed "The Lolita Effect" "”is part of a larger, marketing effort to create cradle-to-grave consumers. In an article published in Dalhousie University's Nabokov Online Journal Miley Cyrus is held up as the possible latest example.
The first national study of Asians living in the United States shows that for some individuals, strong ties to their ethnicity can guard against the negative effects of racism. For others, strong ties to ethnicity can actually make the negative effects of discrimination worse. And the mental health effects of such discrimination may shift over a lifetime as Asian-Americans continue to examine their ethnic ties, say researchers.
Sixty years ago St. Louis was a thriving city with a population of almost a million. These days fewer than 300,000 people call The Gateway City home. With decrepit Victorian homes and boarded-up factories in abundance, some would say it's a pathetic picture of decay and abandonment. "Mapping Decline," Colin Gordon argues that discriminatory housing policies, a collapse of the city's tax base, and shortsighted urban renewal policies are behind the decline.
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