A $3.1 million, five-year grant from the National Institute of Mental Health to researchers in the University of Illinois at Chicago’s Jane Addams College of Social Work will fund a study of the effectiveness of a police-based diversion approach that uses crisis intervention teams, or CIT.
Ongoing studies suggest that using a mix of omega-3 fatty acid supplements and psychotherapy may be helpful for children with depression and a variation of bipolar disorder. The interventions could give doctors a safer alternative than current anti-depressant and mood disorder medications. While effective, many of these medications have serious side effects. The studies are the first of their kind to evaluate a dietary supplement coupled with talk therapy in a younger population with mood disorders.
Arizona State University researchers have discovered for the first time that temperature determines where key soil microbes can thrive — microbes that are critical to forming topsoil crusts in arid lands. And of concern, the scientists predict that in as little as 50 years, global warming may push some of these microbes out of their present stronghold with unknown consequences to soil fertility and erosion.
A new study in PLOS ONE that examined food poisoning infection as-it-happens in mice revealed harmful bacteria, such as a common type of Salmonella, takes over beneficial bacteria within the gut amid previously unseen changes to the gut environment. The results provide new insights into the course of infection and could lead to better prevention or new treatments.
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, IL and The University of Illinois at Chicago are using the Internet and motivational multimedia coupled with positive reinforcement via a smartphone application to try to improve asthma outcomes among low-income, minority adolescents with asthma.
In an analysis of data from the first two school years of the Shape Up Somerville: Eat Smart Play Hard™ intervention, Tufts University researchers showed that schoolchildren in Somerville, Massachusetts gained less weight and were less likely to be obese or overweight than schoolchildren in two similar control communities.
BGSU psychologist Dr. Eric Dubow is part of an international, multidisciplinary team studying the long-term effects of violence on children and, perhaps more importantly, looking for factors that may confer a degree of protection from its impact so that parents, communities and social agencies can provide effective support to the most vulnerable victims of circumstance.
Imagine lungs so fragile that a breath of regular room air could result in a lifetime of breathing difficulties, or even death. Each year, as many as 10,000 premature babies face that exact scenario, when the necessary treatments they receive also cause damage to lung tissue, leading to a chronic disease called bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). A closer look at the genes responsible for lung tissue growth in newborns has led scientists to a potential treatment that jumpstarts the lung's natural antioxidant defenses. The gold-based drug has been used for decades as a rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
A new approach to teaching pre-kindergarten could take a bite out of the achievement gap and level the playing field for America’s growing population of English language learners, according to a recently published study by researchers at Vanderbilt’s Peabody College of education and human development.
A Johns Hopkins study of more than 1,800 men ages 52 to 62 suggests that African-Americans diagnosed with very-low-risk prostate cancers are much more likely than white men to actually have aggressive disease that goes unrecognized with current diagnostic approaches. Although prior studies have found it safe to delay treatment and monitor some presumably slow-growing or low-risk prostate cancers, such “active surveillance” (AS) does not appear to be a good idea for black men, the study concludes.
Researchers led by M. Mahmood Hussain, PhD, found that a regulatory RNA molecule interferes with the production of lipoproteins and, in a mouse model, reduces hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
Investigators in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network have uncovered a connection between how tumor cells use energy from metabolic processes and the aggressiveness of the most common form of kidney cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
A published systemic review of studies on long-term-stay patients' care finds better odds of quality care when physician and pharmacist are involved.
Duke Medicine researchers have identified a receptor in the nervous system that may be key to preventing epilepsy following a prolonged period of seizures. Their findings from studies in mice, published online in the journal Neuron on June 20, 2013, provide a molecular target for developing drugs to prevent the onset of epilepsy, not just manage the disease’s symptoms.
A team of researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee College of Nursing studied the reasons why African-Americans and African immigrants are reluctant to take part in genetic research -- despite potential benefits -- and make some recommendations for building trust between researchers and communities.
Using clouds of ultra-cold atoms and a pair of lasers operating at optical wavelengths, researchers have reached a quantum network milestone: entangling light with an optical atomic coherence composed of interacting atoms in two different states.
Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) is one of the world’s oldest and most widely used anesthetics, but concerns that it raises the risk of a heart attack during surgery or soon afterward are unfounded, according to a new study from researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.
A common reading disorder goes undiagnosed until it becomes problematic, according to the results of five years of study by researchers at Vanderbilt’s Peabody College of education and human development in collaboration with the Kennedy Krieger Institute/Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.
Kids whose moms encourage them to exercise and eat well, and model those healthy behaviors themselves, are more likely to be active and healthy eaters, according to researchers at Duke Medicine. Their findings, published online in the International Journal of Obesity on June 18, 2013, remind parents that they are role models for their children, and underscore the importance of parental policies promoting physical activity and healthy eating.
On June 6, professors in Wayne State University’s Department of Physics kicked off WSU’s only National Science Foundation-funded (NSF) Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program. This program aims to give undergraduates an opportunity to do cutting-edge research in astrophysics, and in particle and nuclear physics.
Astrophysicists using high-powered computer simulations demonstrate that gas spiraling toward a black hole inevitably results in X-ray emissions.
Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center researchers conducted a study to evaluate the heat indexes in migrant farmworker housing and found that a majority of the workers don’t get a break from the heat when they’re off the clock.
A team of Johns Hopkins researchers working with animals has developed a vaccine that prevents the virulent TB bacterium from invading the brain and causing the highly lethal condition TB meningitis, a disease that disproportionately occurs in TB-infected children and in adults with compromised immune system.
Older adults with hearing loss are more likely than peers with normal hearing to require hospitalization and suffer from periods of inactivity and depression, according to results of a new study by experts at Johns Hopkins.
Although the prevalence of dementia in the Hispanic community is more than twice the national average, most research to help alleviate caregiver burden is focused only on the general population. Now, a team of researchers led by Robert J. Lucero, Ph.D., MPH, RN, Assistant Professor at Columbia University School of Nursing, will develop and test a Web-based intervention designed to address the special needs of Hispanic caregivers. This bilingual system will allow caregivers to improve healthcare management of dementia patients and themselves. The tool will be continuously refined based on caregiver feedback and will be the first to take the specific needs of the Hispanic community into consideration and involve them in the design process.
Using star-shaped block co-polymer structures as tiny reaction vessels, researchers have developed an improved technique for producing nanocrystals with consistent sizes, compositions and architectures – including metallic, ferroelectric, magnetic, semiconductor and luminescent nanocrystals.
Scientists at North Carolina State University have found the first example of how micro-RNA regulates wood formation inside plant cells and mapped out key relationships that control the process.
Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center doctors have found that using stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in an Emergency Department observation unit to care for patients with acute chest pain is a win-win – for the patient and the institution.
A new set of long-term climate records based on cave stalagmites collected from tropical Borneo shows that the western tropical Pacific responded very differently than other regions of the globe to abrupt climate change events.
The bacteria that live in the human gut may play an important role in immune response to vaccines and infection by wild-type enteric organisms, according to two recent studies from researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine
Cancer survivors who live in rural areas aren’t as healthy as their urban counterparts, according to new research from Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center.
Bubbles in a champagne glass may add a festive fizz, but microscopic bubbles that form in metallic glass can signal serious trouble. That’s why researchers used computer simulations to study how these bubbles form and expand.
What do swimmers like trout, eels and sandfish lizards have in common? According to a new study, the similar timing patterns that these animals use to contract their muscles and produce undulatory swimming motions can be explained using a simple model.
For many older adults, the aging process seems to go hand-in-hand with an annoying increase in clumsiness. New research from Washington University in St. Louis suggests some of these reaching-and-grasping difficulties may be caused by changes in the mental frame of reference that older adults use to visualize nearby objects.
Scientists, like Buddhist monks and Zen masters, have known for years that meditation can reduce anxiety, but not how. Researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, however, have succeeded in identifying the brain functions involved.
Johns Hopkins researchers have documented huge and somewhat puzzling interstate variations in the percentage of emergency versus elective bowel surgeries. Figuring out precisely why the differences occur is critical, they say, because people forced to undergo emergency procedures are far more likely to die from their operations than those able to plan ahead for them.
Investigators at Duke Medicine and UCSF have been selected by NIAID to oversee a nationwide research program on antibacterial resistance. Duke has been awarded $2 million in initial funding to launch the network; total funding for the award will reach at least $62 million through 2019.
Researchers in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania have determined the role of a key growth factor, found in limited quantities in human skin cells, that helps hair follicles form and regenerate during the wound healing process. When this growth factor, called Fgf9, was overexpressed in a mouse model, there was a two- to three-fold increase in the number of new hair follicles produced. Researchers believe that this growth factor could be used therapeutically for people with various hair and scalp disorders. The study appears in an advance online publication of Nature Medicine.
The military has for decades used sonar for underwater communication. Now, researchers at the University at Buffalo are developing a miniaturized version of the same technology to be applied inside the human body to treat diseases such as diabetes and heart failure in real time.
Researchers are targeting a possible new weapon in the fight against malaria, science that could also be applied in the fight against other devastating mosquito-borne illnesses, according to a Vanderbilt study published in PLOS ONE.
The temporary placement of umbrella-like, metal mesh filters in abdominal veins to stop potentially lethal blood clots from traveling to the lungs during and after weight loss surgery may actually increase the risk of death in morbidly obese patients, according to new Johns Hopkins research.
A University of Missouri scientist has discovered that by combining cells from bone marrow with a new drug may help cure type 1 diabetes. The discovery is reported in the current online issue of Diabetes.
Johns Hopkins scientists report that a 10-minute test for “frailty” first designed to predict whether the elderly can withstand surgery and other physical stress could be useful in assessing the increased risk of death and frequent hospitalization among kidney dialysis patients of any age.
Strength training may help older individuals manage knee pain associated with knee osteoarthritis. A new study at Wake Forest University is developing a surgery-free and effective option to treat knee pain and loss of mobility associated with knee osteoarthritis.
Specialized cells, called “hematopoietic stem cells,” produce the new blood cells. Scientists thought hematopoietic stem cells stayed in the bone marrow but recent research has revealed that they, too, travel to the problem site: to the heart if a heart attack is in progress, or to the brain in the case of a stroke. Why these cells leave the bone marrow, how they know where to go, and what they do when they reach their target is what Jennifer Gillette, PhD, will use her $300,000 American Heart Association grant to study over the next four years.
The protein GATA-3 plays an important role in mammalian immune response, but its overall function in cell development and cancer formation is not well understood. In an effort to further define the importance of GATA-3, researchers at the University of North Carolina have traced how the protein performs important functions in CD8+T-cell type of the immune system.
Gender specific shifts in cardiac metabolism under stress may shed light on heart disease.
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