In this issue, find new public health research on marijuana use in high school students, nutrition labeling and a barbershop HIV intervention
A team of researchers from McMaster University has mapped at atomic resolution a toxic protein linked to Alzheimer’s disease, allowing them to better understand what is happening deep within the brain during the earliest stages of the disease.
Analyzing language shows that identifying certain groups of words significantly improves upon predicting some medical conditions in patients
A new University of Michigan study challenges a popularized view about what's causing the growing gap between the lifespans of more- and less-educated Americans—finding shortcomings in the widespread narrative that the United States is facing an epidemic of "despair."
Nurses play a critical role in promoting compassionate care for patients and families affected by alcohol use disorder (AUD), including evidence-based medication-assisted treatment (MAT) approaches, according to a paper in the July/September Journal of Christian Nursing, official journal of the Nurses Christian Fellowship. The journal is published in the Lippincott portfolio by Wolters Kluwer.
There is no amount, pattern or timing of alcohol use during pregnancy proven safe for a developing fetus. Repeat: there is no amount, pattern or timing of alcohol use during pregnancy proven safe for a developing fetus. Drinking in pregnancy can have a range of harmful consequences for the child ─ including poor growth, learning and behavioral difficulties, problems with movement and co-ordination, and distinctive facial features ─ that are collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Screening for alcohol use during pregnancy is a necessary first step in preventing FASD, but studies have suggested that primary care providers do not screen consistently and can be hesitant to follow up with women who report drinking. New research published in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research has evaluated midwives’ and nurse-midwives’ understanding of the risks of drinking in pregnancy, and their screening practice.
Study provides new information on the genetic basis of suicide attempt
Teenagers who don’t get enough sleep may be at an increased risk of engaging in unsafe sexual behaviors, such as not using condoms or having sex under the influence of alcohol or drugs, according to new research published by the American Psychological Association.
Exposure to adversity as a child can affect how the body responds to stress, and may increase the risk of negative health behaviors and addictions in adulthood. However, the impact of early life adversity may depend partly on an individual’s genetic makeup. The ‘COMT’ gene is of particular interest ─ it occurs in two common variant forms, MET and VAL, that differentially affect key molecules involved in the human stress response, and these gene variants may also influence vulnerability to our early environment.
Simultaneous use of alcohol and marijuana is riskier than using either substance alone, because their effects can interact and cause excessive depression of the central nervous system. This can result in more negative consequences such as driving under the influence, accidents, cognitive impairment, and symptoms of substance use disorders, as well as alterations in mood and well-being.
People who drink alcohol while using medications that interact with it are higher risk of harm from overdose, falls, and traffic accidents. In recent years, there has been a documented increase in alcohol-related adverse drug reactions
A Rutgers expert is available to speak about the risk of alcohol poisoning as we enter a season filled with end-of-school celebrations, outdoor BBQs and vacations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that 2,200 alcohol poisoning deaths occur in the United States each year, an average of six people each day; 76 percent of those deaths are men.
Exposure to stigma elicits negative mood and alcohol craving among sexual minority young adults who are heavy drinkers, according to findings from a novel study at American University, Washington, DC, and Brown University, Rhode Island.
Alcohol policy experts and researchers have rated policies typically included in official campus alcohol policies on their likely effectiveness; in doing so, they have developed an evidence-based approach for colleges to use in analyzing and updating their campus alcohol policies. Their review found that fewer than half of the specific approaches to reduce problematic alcohol consumption are “most effective."
Alcohol and drug problems are often described as ‘chronically relapsing’ conditions, implying that multiple recovery attempts are needed before an addiction can be overcome for good. However, a new study by researchers at Harvard Medical School indicates that most people with an alcohol or drug problem achieve resolution after a surprisingly small number of serious quit attempts.
A new study involving more than three thousand adult twins from Australia has investigated the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to blacking and passing out after drinking. Twins are an important resource for health research, including alcohol studies. By comparing the frequency of an outcome ─ such as blackout ─ among pairs of identical twins (who share all their genes) and non-identical twins (who share only half of their genes but many aspects of their environment), researchers can better understand the roles of genetic and enviromental factors in influencing the outcome.
During pregnancy, American Indian mothers are less likely to consume alcohol and no more likely to smoke than white mothers in South Dakota after adjusting for socioeconomic factors.
Many thousands of young people opt to study abroad for part of their degree course, seizing the personal, cultural, and academic opportunities this brings. However, excess alcohol consumption also features in some stays abroad ─ with new research showing that young people studying abroad have more excessive and harmful drinking behaviors during their stay than those staying home. This raises concern over short-term risks to health and well being, and that exchange program stays might act as a stepping stone to an alcohol use disorder in future.
Individual genetic make-up, roommates’ drinking behavior, and how much individuals think their friends are drinking all influence students’ own alcohol use, according to new findings from the ‘Spit for Science’ project at an urban campus university.
An international group of researchers has taken one of the first major steps in finding the biological changes in the brain that drive fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. New work using chaos theory to analyze brain signals, discussed in the journal Chaos, shows the long-term effects. Researchers found that teenagers who were exposed to alcohol while in the womb showed altered brain connections that were consistent with impaired cognitive performance.
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