Feature Channels: All Journal News

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By studying the brain dynamics of 28 subjects with epilepsy, scientists demonstrated there is no evidence for a previously suspected warning sign for seizures known as “critical slowing down,” which refers to characteristic changes in the behavior of a complex system that approaches a theoretical tipping point; when this point is exceeded, there can be impactful and devastating changes. The researchers discuss their work in this week’s Chaos.

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Being able to accurately forecast how much solar energy reaches the surface of the Earth is key to guiding decisions for running solar power plants and new work in the Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy looks to provide a standard of reference to the field. Dazhi Yang proposes an improved way to assess day-ahead solar forecasting, which combines two popular reference methods for weather forecasting, namely persistence and climatology. His approach provides a new way to gauge the skill of a forecaster.

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An 18-year ‘report card’ on the American diet shows adults are eating too many low-quality carbohydrates and more than the recommended daily amount of saturated fat. The study of dietary trends, from researchers at Tufts and Harvard, is published today in JAMA.

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Profiled is physicist Gaute Hagen of the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory, who runs advanced models on powerful supercomputers to explore how protons and neutrons interact to “build” an atomic nucleus from scratch.

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A new study from a Binghamton University research team uses the topography of human skin as a model not for preventing cracks but for directing them in the best way possible to avoid critical components and make repairs easy.

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Hey, physicists and materials scientists: You’d better reevaluate your work if you study iridium-based materials – members of the platinum family – when they are ultra-thin. Iridium “loses its identity” and its electrons act oddly in an ultra-thin film when interfaced with nickel-based layers, which have an unexpectedly strong impact on iridium ions, according to Rutgers University–New Brunswick physicist Jak Chakhalian, senior author of a Rutgers-led study in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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One of the WHO’s three critical priority pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii, for which new antibiotics are urgently needed is one step closer to being tackled, as researchers from the Department of Chemistry - University of Warwick have made a breakthrough in understanding the enzymes that assemble the antibiotic enacyloxin.

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Scientists show that the location of stem cells is essential in determining tapeworms’ ability to regenerate.

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Survey results of a national sample of elderly people with type 2 diabetes suggest that many long-time patients downplay medical and social factors that underpin professional recommendations for fewer medications and less aggressive treatment of high blood sugar.

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In a study published online today by the journal Cancer, investigators at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute report that a single-session sleep education program for survivors can cure insomnia in many participants, and that those who don’t benefit from this approach are often helped by a more extensive, but still modest, three-session program.

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An algorithm developed by faculty at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) can help physicians outside of major stroke treatment centers assess whether a patient suffering from ischemic stroke would benefit from an endovascular procedure to remove a clot blocking an artery.

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PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene mutated in about 20% of prostate cancers, relies on another gene, ARID4B, to function. These findings were published by George Washington University Cancer Center researchers in Nature Communications.

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A new clinical trial conducted at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center found a cost-effective generic medication works just as well as a more expensive drug in preserving cardiovascular function in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

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Researchers investigated the safety and efficacy of deep brain stimulation in the treatment of refractory severe tinnitus in a small group of patients. They found the procedure to be safe and the results to be encouraging.

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By using sound waves, scientists have begun to explore fundamental stress behaviors in a crystalline material that could form the basis for quantum information technologies.

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在一项小型安全性和可行性临床试验中，Mayo Clinic的研究人员首次证明，使用被称为“senolytic”的抗衰老药物可以清除人体内的衰老细胞。该结果不仅在血液分析中得到验证，而且在皮肤和脂肪组织衰老细胞丰度的变化中得到证实。研究结果发表在 EBioMedicine期刊上。

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Em um ensaio clínico de segurança e viabilidade de pequena escala, pesquisadores da Mayo Clinic demonstraram pela primeira vez que células senescentes podem ser removidas do corpo por meio de medicamentos denominados "senolíticos". O resultado foi confirmado por análises sanguíneas e por alterações na abundância de células senescentes nos tecidos epitelial e adiposo. Os resultados foram publicados na revista EBioMedicine.

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Dans le cadre d'un essai clinique d'innocuité et de faisabilité de faible portée, les chercheurs de la Mayo Clinic ont démontré pour la première fois que des médicaments qualifiés de « sénolytiques » pouvaient éliminer les cellules sénescentes de l'organisme. Le résultat a été vérifié non seulement dans les analyses sanguines, mais également dans les variations de quantités des cellules sénescentes de la peau et des tissus adipeux. Les résultats sont publiés dans la revue scientifique EBioMedicine.

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In experiments with mice, UCLA researchers have shown they can harness the power of iNKT cells to attack tumor cells and treat cancer. The new method, described in the journal Cell Stem Cell, suppressed the growth of multiple types of human tumors that had been transplanted into the animals.

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In einer kleinen klinischen Sicherheits- und Machbarkeitsstudie haben Forscher der Mayo Clinic zum ersten Mal nachgewiesen, dass alternde Zellen mit Medikamenten, die als „Senolytika“ bezeichnet werden, aus dem menschlichen Körper entfernt werden können. Das Ergebnis wurde nicht nur in der Blutanalyse, sondern auch in der veränderten Menge seneszenter Zellen in Haut- und Fettgewebe bestätigt. Die Ergebnisse erscheinen in der Zeitschrift EBioMedicine.

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New research from Michigan State University and Johns Hopkins University is the first to uncover the specific data leaked through hospital breaches, sounding alarm bells for nearly 170 million people.

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Disrupting a metabolic pathway in the liver in a way that creates a more “cancer-like” metabolism actually reduces tumor formation in a mouse model of liver cancer. This surprising finding from a Univ. of Iowa study identifies the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier as a potential target for preventing liver cancer.

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The researchers used a sophisticated electron microscope that can take pictures of structures at the atomic level to examine the virus as it interacted with the transferrin receptor, or TfR, a protein on the surface of the cell that helps manage a body’s iron uptake.

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Women who ate the popular Puerto Rican condiment sofrito, which contains onions and garlic, more than once per day had a 67% decreased risk of breast cancer. It's the first population-based study examining the association between onion and garlic consumption and breast cancer in Puerto Rico.

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To find out whether an intervention could increase the number of discussions between clinicians and patients with heart failure about the kinds of treatments they would want at the end of their lives, also known as advance care planning, researchers at The Mount Sinai Hospital developed a rigorous six-center study to investigate a novel communication intervention. The study appears in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

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After a recent study showed that chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients who received ibrutinib as a frontline treatment had a 7% death rate, a new study offers a clearer picture on the reasons for the deaths.

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A new imaging study of the mummified arteries of people who lived thousands of years ago revealed that their arteries were more clogged than originally thought, according to a proof-of-concept study led by a researcher with The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth). It is in the October print edition of the American Heart Journal.

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Scientists at the University of Surrey have discovered that a natural antioxidant commonly found in green tea can help eliminate antibiotic resistant bacteria.

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As the first research of its kind, the findings may help growers increase the marketability of their ornamental horticulture products through labeling. Consumer preferences, visual attention and willingness-to-pay were measured and tested to determine how each label or text combination impacted a consumer’s willingness to pay for a particular fruit plant.

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Nurse burnout impacts both nurses and patients, and significantly influences the retention of nurses in the healthcare setting, research shows. But could burnout be a symptom of something larger?

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If children are exposed to bias against one person, will they develop a bias against that person’s entire group? The answer is yes, according to new research from University of Georgia social psychologist Allison Skinner.

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A new study of men and women with hypersexual disorder has revealed a possible role of the hormone oxytocin, according to results published in the journal Epigenetics. The finding could potentially open the door to treating the disorder by engineering a way to suppress its activity.

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A recent Rutgers study identified factors that may put people who responded to the 9/11 terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center (WTC) at increased risk for cancers of the head and neck, such as oral cavity, oropharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers.

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A key theory that attributes the climate evolution of the Earth to the breakdown of Himalayan rocks may not explain the cooling over the past 15 million years, according to a Rutgers-led study. The study in the journal Nature Geoscience could shed more light on the causes of long-term climate change.

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A University of California, Irvine-led team of scientists has discovered how newly identified neural circuits in the brain’s hippocampal formation play a critical role in object-location learning and memory.

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Researchers at UC San Diego say they are getting closer to identifying the mechanisms of autism spectrum disorder, revealing a critical gene network that is disrupted and which helps predict severity of symptoms.

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When we eat red meat, the animal carbohydrate Neu5Gc is incorporated in our tissues, where it generates inflammation. UC San Diego researchers discovered how gut bacteria enzymes strip our cells of Neu5Gc, introducing the possibility of using the enzymes to reduce the risk of inflammatory diseases.

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A new approach to producing indolent scaffolds could streamline development and production of small-molecule pharmaceuticals, which comprise the majority of medicines in use today.

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Versions of an antibiotic drug called DON first isolated from soil bacteria more than 60 years ago have shown promising signs of extending survival in mice models of especially lethal pediatric brain tumors marked by the high expression of a cancer-causing gene known as the MYC oncogene, according to results of two studies from researchers at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center.

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New Research Reveals a Disconnect Between Awareness of the Risk and Magnitude of the Problem

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The quantum superposition principle has been tested on a scale as never before in a new study by scientists at the University of Vienna in collaboration with the University of Basel. Hot, complex molecules composed of nearly two thousand atoms were brought into a quantum superposition and made to interfere. By confirming this phenomenon – “the heart of quantum mechanics”, in Richard Feynman’s words – on a new mass scale, improved constraints on alternative theories to quantum mechanics have been placed. The work will be published in Nature Physics.

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An international team of scientists has figured out how to capture heat and turn it into electricity. The discovery, published last week in the journal Science Advances, could create more efficient energy generation from heat in things like car exhaust, interplanetary space probes and industrial processes.

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Seven years ago, Jason Esterhuizen was in a horrific car crash that destroyed his eyes, plunging him into total darkness. Today, he’s regained visual perception and more independence, thanks to an experimental device implanted in his brain by researchers at UCLA Health.

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UC San Diego research supplies a blueprint for a future generation of electrode sensors—notably microscopically slender diamond needles—that utilizes existing yet nontraditional materials and fabrication procedures for recording electrical signals from every neuron in the cortex at the same time.

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Value in Health, the official journal of ISPOR, announced the publication of an analysis showing that while value assessment frameworks are moving closer to meeting the challenge of accurately measuring value and informing healthcare decisions, more progress is needed before widespread adoption and use.

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Value in Health, the official journal of ISPOR—the professional society for health economics and outcomes research, announced today the publication of research demonstrating that discrete choice experiments are able to predict real-world healthcare choices.

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In March 2016, the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network revised its criteria for prioritizing children awaiting heart transplantation in the U.S. with the intention of reducing the number of deaths on the waitlist, but a new study suggests unintended consequences.

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Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at University of California San Diego researchers describe new use of leukemia drug, nilotinib, to treat subtype of medulloblastoma, a deadly pediatric brain cancer.