Feature Channels: Immunology

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Diabetes is caused by damaged or non-existing insulin cells inability to produce insulin, a hormone that is necessary in regulating blood sugar levels. Many diabetes patients take insulin supplements to regulate these levels.

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Survey data suggest at least 1 in 10 U.S. adults are food allergic and nearly 1 in 5 believe they have a food allergy. Food allergies are expensive and potentially life-threatening conditions.

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Myths about gluten are hard to bust. Intolerance, allergy, sensitivity, hypersensitivity. What is what? Celiac disease is none of these things. It is an autoimmune disorder, where gluten triggers the immune system to attack the gut. It is common, lifelong, and can seriously harm health - but nobody knows for sure what causes it. Now a review in Frontiers in Pediatrics says a common food additive could both cause and trigger these autoimmune attacks, and calls for warnings on food labels pending further tests.

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The Weizmann Institute's Prof. Valery Krizhanovsky and Dr. Yossi Ovadya have found a way to get the body to clear out senescent cells, which are involved in a number of age-related diseases. Treated mice showed improved blood and activity tests, younger-looking tissues, and lived longer than their untreated counterparts.

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Experts and research on important topics in the healthcare system

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Some dermal fibroblasts can convert into fat cells that reside under the dermis, giving skin a youthful look and producing peptides that fight infections. University of California San Diego School of Medicine researchers and colleagues show how this happens and what causes it to stop as people age.

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Researchers at Cornell – led by Iwijn De Vlaminck, assistant professor in the Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering – have come up with an elegant, low-cost method that solves that problem. And not only does it push single-cell genomics forward, it may allow for new avenues for studies of infection and immune biology.

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In a new study by Yale Cancer Center (YCC), scientists suggest that as the number of clinical trials in cancer immunotherapy grows exponentially, some caution should be exercised as we continue to better understand the biology of these new therapeutic targets.

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Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy (PPMD), a nonprofit organization leading the fight to end Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), has awarded a $329,000 grant to Kanneboyina Nagaraju, professor and chair of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and his team at Binghamton University’s School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Nagaraju will continue his work examining the body’s immune response to the production of new dystrophin protein resulting from exon skipping and gene therapy treatments.

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In a report published in Nature, however, scientists at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute say they have shown that a personalized ‘neoantigen’ vaccine can spur a response against glioblastoma, with immune T-cells generated by the vaccine migrating into the brain tumor, creating a ‘hotter,’ inflamed environment around the cancer cells.

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La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) and Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Research, Inc. (KKR), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. (KHK), a global specialty pharmaceutical company, today announced the signing of a new agreement. The agreement extends the longest industry-academic collaboration in the world for another three-year term, through until the end of 2021.

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A focus on high-risk tuberculosis patients may be the answer to stalled progress in stamping out the illness in the United States.

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Researchers analyzed data from more than 1,000 breast cancer patients and found that breast cancer behaves differently than other cancers that are currently treated with immunotherapy. They identified seven clusters of breast cancer patients based on the immune evasion mechanisms that breast cancer uses to avoid detection.

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Summaries of this year’s notable advances at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and beyond.

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Research in mouse cells identifies defective metabolic pathway in aging immune T cells. The pathway is critical for switching T cells from dormancy into illness-fighting mode. In experiments, researchers restored lagging T-cell function by adding small-molecule compounds. Findings suggest possible mechanism behind weakened immunity common in the elderly.

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Dr. Matthias von Herrath, M.D., who founded the Type 1 Diabetes Center at La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) has been identified as the world’s top expert in Type 1 Diabetes by Expertscape, an organization that provides tools to quickly and easily find the best clinicians or pioneering scientists specializing in a wide range of medical conditions or biomedical topics.

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The new Sherman Institute will advance basic research on novel therapies for a range of disorders, including autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases, as well as cancer.

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Black adolescents living in the United States tend to receive the influenza vaccine at significantly lower rates than their white and Hispanic counterparts, according to Florida State University researchers. A new study, led by former FSU graduate student Noah Webb, along with current graduate student Benjamin Dowd-Arrow and Associate Professors of Sociology Miles Taylor and Amy Burdette, was recently published in Public Health Reports.

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SLU pediatric researchers received $412,500 from the NIH to study how fetal exposure to inflammation can alter immune responses after birth.

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Mayo Clinic的研究人员开发了两种新策略，可以提高嵌合抗原受体疗法（CAR-T细胞疗法）在治疗癌症方面的效果。Mayo Clinic研究人员在圣地亚哥举行的2018年美国血液学学会年会上展示了他们的临床前研究成果。

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Mayo Clinic研究人员发现，一种在癌症治疗过程中用于治疗患者血栓的口服药物——阿哌沙班是安全有效的。 与低分子量的肝素相比，这种药物的大出血事件和血栓复发率都较低。这些研究结果由 Mayo Clinic 心脏病学专家、医学博士Robert McBane II在在美国血液学学会年会上提出。

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A team led by Duke Human Vaccine Institute researchers, publishing online Dec. 11 in the journal Immunity, reported that they have filled in a portion of the roadmap toward effective neutralization of HIV, identifying the steps that a critical HIV antibody takes to develop and maintain its ability to neutralize the virus.

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Scientists at the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, at the University Health Network, have identified the type of cell key to helping the heart repair and potentially regenerate following a heart attack.

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For people with Type 2 diabetes, testing blood sugar levels becomes part of everyday life. But a new study suggests that some of them test more often than they need to. Fourteen percent of people with Type 2 diabetes who don’t require insulin are buying enough test strips to test their blood sugar two or more times a day – when they don’t need to test nearly that frequently according to medical guidelines.

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Many people who are diagnosed with cancer will undergo some type of surgery to treat their disease — almost 95 percent of people with early-diagnosed breast cancer will require surgery and it’s often the first line of treatment for people with brain tumors, for example. But despite improvements in surgical techniques over the past decade, the cancer often comes back after the procedure.

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Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Funding Brings Together Interdisciplinary Experts to Accelerate Understanding

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Summaries of recent Fred Hutch research with links for additional background and media contacts.

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Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have developed a new molecular tool they call EXoO, which decodes where on proteins specific sugars are attached—a possible modification due to disease. The study, published in issue 14 of Molecular Systems Biology, describes the development of the tool and its successful use on human blood, tumors and immune cells.

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Researchers at The Wistar Institute have developed novel synthetic DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs) directed against PCSK9, a protein key to regulating cholesterol levels in the bloodstream.

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Southern Research has announced the Transgenic Mouse Human PD-1/L1 Model, its newest service offering in support of immuno-oncology (IO) therapeutic development.

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In a new study published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, scientists at the University of Notre Dame have discovered that the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) releases RNA into infected cells.

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Researchers show that lung-resident memory B cells establish themselves in the lung soon after influenza infection in mice. Those lung memory B cells respond more quickly to produce antibodies against influenza after re-infection, and establishment requires a local antigen encounter in the lung.

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Los científicos de Mayo Clinic desarrollaron dos estrategias nuevas que podrían mejorar el rendimiento de la terapia de células T con receptor de antígeno quimérico en el tratamiento del cáncer.

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AIDS patients suffer higher rates of cancer because they have fewer T-cells in their bodies to fight disease. But new research examines why HIV-infected patients have higher rates of cancer—among the leading causes of death among that population—than the general population.

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Baltimore, MD--The interactions that take place between the species of microbes living in the gastrointestinal system often have large and unpredicted effects on health, according to new work from a team led by Carnegie's Will Ludington. Their findings are published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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Physician-scientists from Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia presented updated efficacy and safety data on Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel) --the first-ever FDA-approved personalized CAR T-cell gene immunotherapy for aggressive blood cancers, at the American Society of Hematology annual meeting, as well as first-of-its-kind research on overcoming CAR T-cell resistance.

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In lab and mouse experiments, UC San Diego School of Medicine researchers developed a method to leverage B cells to manufacture and secrete tumor-suppressing microRNAs.

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Research shows an immune response to parasitic intestinal worms provides new insights into possible treatments for the deadly disease

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SAN DIEGO — Mayo Clinic researchers have developed two new strategies that may improve the performance of chimeric antigen receptor therapy (CAR-T cell therapy) in treating cancer. They are presenting results of their preclinical research at the 2018 annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology in San Diego.

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A new combination of three drugs that harness the body’s immune system is safe and effective, destroying most cancer cells in 95 percent of patients with recurrent Hodgkin lymphoma, according to the results of an early-phase study.

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The discovery by BC researchers of a group of bad actors ‘hidden’ within a cohort of good ones may translate into new hope for cancer patients diagnosed with a type of lymphoma that doesn’t respond well to treatment.

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Oils from garlic and several other common herbs and medicinal plants show strong activity against the bacterium that causes Lyme disease, according to a study by researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

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Following the Food and Drug Administration’s approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies for the treatment of certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, UC San Diego Health was the first medical center in San Diego to be certified to offer this type of immunotherapy outside of a clinical trial.

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Borrowing methods from another field, researchers can now study the ever changing nature if Influenza A.

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A new article published today in The Lancet Oncology shows 39 percent of large B cell lymphoma patients treated with the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR T) Yescarta® (axicabtagene ciloleucel) remained in remission more than two years (27.1 months median follow up) following therapy, and more than half of the patients treated remain alive. The new long-term safety and activity results of the ZUMA-1 clinical trial were also presented Sunday, Dec. 2 at the American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting in San Diego.

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New drugs that harness the body’s immune system to destroy cancer cells appear to increase the effectiveness of later drug therapies for non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma patients, new research suggests. This happens, scientists say, even for repeat drug therapies whose initial attempts failed to stop or reverse the disease.

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Moffitt Cancer Center partnered with 16 academic cancer centers to analyze real world data of 274 patients treated commercially with Yescarta® (axicabtagene ciloleucel), one of two CAR T products that is now standard of care for patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who have not responded to two or more therapies. The researchers then compared those figures with results from the pivotal ZUMA-1 trial, which included 101 patients.

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An investigational immunotherapy drug has demonstrated efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in the treatment of follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and other B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes. The lead investigator from Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey shares more on the phase 1 trial.