Feature Channels: Vaccines

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Medical research has benefitted from the intense scale, speed and efficiency of COVID-19 studies. Increased funding as well as applied methodologies, proven tools and advanced techniques help scientists stay prepared for emerging diseases and future virus threats.

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A new study using serum from human blood samples suggests neutralizing antibody levels produced by two-dose mRNA vaccines against the original and early variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus wane substantially over time, and offer essentially no protection against the omicron variant.

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The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) has been awarded $1 million in funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to launch a new initiative titled Building COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence Among Nurses and in Communities. Although COVID-19 vaccines have been widely available for more than a year, only 64% of the US population is fully vaccinated. As part of this project, AACN will award funding to 10 schools of nursing nationwide to launch targeted campaigns to build confidence in the COVID-19 vaccines and dispel health misinformation.

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Bangkok, February 10, 2022 – Chulalongkorn University held a Chula the Impact 7 Seminar on “the Progress of Personalized, Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine: An Innovation of Hope for Thai Society” by the CU Cancer Immunotherapy Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, funded by the Second Century Fund, Chulalongkorn University (C2F).

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— 妙佑医疗国际(Mayo Clinic)的疫苗研究小组负责人强调，考虑到未来患者的安全性，有必要加强对疫苗及其机制的长期研究。

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Los directores del Grupo de Investigación sobre Vacunas en Mayo Clinic resaltan la necesidad de llevar a cabo estudios a largo plazo sobre las vacunas y sus mecanismos, con la mira puesta en la futura seguridad de los pacientes.

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Os líderes do Grupo de Pesquisa em Vacinas da Mayo Clinic enfatizam a necessidade de aumentar os estudos de longo prazo das vacinas e seus mecanismos pensando na segurança futura dos pacientes.

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A Stony Brook University physician-scientist has identified that mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells exercise several complex roles during healthy and disease states. The published findings may help to serve as a benchmark for future research on MAIT cells as targets for immunotherapies and vaccines.

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Despite the lifesaving success of the COVID-19 vaccines, very rare side effects have emerged. Vaccines engineered from the otherwise-mild adenovirus, for example, have been linked to blood clots. Scientists from Arizona State University, the Mayo Clinic, AstraZeneca and elsewhere have performed simulations on PSC’s Bridges-2 system that suggest simple electrical charge may make a protein involved in blood clot formation stick to particles of the AstraZeneca vaccine. The discovery will be the foundation of an effort to explain how the side effect happens and how the vaccine can be re-engineered to prevent it.

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Health care workers who have children under age 5 are twice as likely as other parents to plan to vaccinate their children against COVID-19, according to a new poll conducted by the HERO Registry, which is coordinated by the Duke Clinical Research Institute.

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The highly contagious omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 became the dominant strain in the United States in mid-December 2021, coinciding with a rise in hospitalizations of patients with COVID-19. Among those admitted during the omicron surge, vaccinated adults had less severe illness compared with unvaccinated adults and were less likely to land in intensive care, according to a new study by Cedars-Sinai and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

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Experts at Overlook are hoping that SurVaxM, a first-of-its-kind vaccine targeting a protein found in glioblastomas and other cancers, will give patients a better shot at long-term survival and improved function.

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The researchers found that the level of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection fell by about 21 percentage points, on average, in the interval from one to six months after full vaccination—whereas the level of protection against severe COVID-19 fell by only about 10 percentage points in the same interval.

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The Latest Research News in Cardiovascular Health

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A new study suggests that a single bout of exercise does not change the immune response to a coronavirus booster shot in people with rheumatic autoimmune diseases. The article is published ahead of print in the Journal of Applied Physiology.

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Artificial intelligence has aided one Michigan State University researcher and his team in finding answers about the new omicron variant. The MSU researchers report omicron and other variants are evolving increased infectivity and antibody resistance according to an artificial intelligence model. Therefore, new vaccines and antibody therapies are needed, the researchers say.

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The SARS-CoV-2 virus is continuously evolving and structural changes to the virus may impact the efficacy of antibody therapies and vaccines. A study publishing February 17th in PLOS Pathogens by Anshumali Mittal at the University of Pittsburgh, USA and colleagues describes the structural and functional landscape of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and discuss the effects of mutations on the virus spike protein that may allow it to evade antibody responses.

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Using powerful tools and techniques developed in the field of structural biology, researchers at the University of Washington and The Scripps Research Institute have discovered new details about the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV.

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Researchers at Mayo Clinic, along with colleagues in the Netherlands and Germany, may have a viable, less risky alternative to regenerate bone: messenger RNA. This well-known platform for vaccines has already proven to be safe in human use by the FDA.

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A future vaccine providing protection against a wide range of coronaviruses that jump from their original animal hosts to humans — including SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19 — may be possible, say Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers, based on findings from their recent study.

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Next generation mRNA vaccines. A new PSMA-targeted approach for prostate cancer. A novel treatment for reducing LDL cholesterol. These are some of the innovations that will optimize and change healthcare in the coming year, according to an expert panel of clinicians and researchers. Cleveland Clinic has announced the Top 10 Medical Innovations for 2022. The list of breakthrough technologies was selected by a committee of Cleveland Clinic subject matter experts, led by D. Geoffrey Vince, Ph.D., executive director of Innovations and chair of Biomedical Engineering at Cleveland Clinic.

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Researchers reporting in ACS Infectious Diseases have developed a new type of cholera vaccine consisting of polysaccharides displayed on virus-like particles. The vaccine generated long-lasting antibody responses against V. cholerae in mice.

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Medication against the nonhuman primate version of HIV given two weeks after infection helped keep tuberculosis in check.

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African children and adolescents hospitalized with COVID-19 experience much higher mortality rates than Europeans or North Americans, according to a study conducted by the Institute of Human Virology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Institute of Human Virology Nigeria.

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Researchers at the Tufts University School of Engineering are building a reputation for precision targeting in drug delivery. Their tools: tiny lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) that can be fine tuned to latch on to specific tissues, organs, even cell types within the body. Their latest creation: LNPs that carry genetic instructions directly into the lungs.

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Asymptomatic COVID infection in generally healthy unvaccinated adults is likely much less common than previously reported, according to a new study published Feb. 14 in Open Forum Infectious Diseases by researchers at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU).

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Antibodies elicited by COVID-19 vaccination become steadily more powerful for at least six months after vaccination, according to a study by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis that involved the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.

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Georgia Tech researchers develop species agnostic lipid nanoparticle screening system to accelerate creation of cutting edge mRNA therapies.

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Chulalongkorn University reaffirms its commitment to “Innovations for Society”, which aims at developing innovations that address social issues and creating a better society in all aspects, including health, well-being and knowledge in order to move society forward. Let’s find out more about Chulalongkorn University’s amazing innovations.

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Cancer patients undergoing active treatment were more likely to believe misinformation related to COVID-19 than those without a history of cancer, according to a new study led by researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University.

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Participants in the study who cycled on a stationary bike or took a brisk walk for an hour-and-a-half after getting a flu shot or COVID-19 jab produced more antibodies in the following four weeks compared to participants who sat or continued with their daily routine post-immunization.

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• Results from a study from France suggest that both individual and herd vaccine-induced immunity protect against severe forms of COVID-19 in patients on dialysis. • A U.S. study found that antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination wane over time across vaccine types in patients on dialysis.

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A number of existing strains of SARS-CoV-2, as well as other future variants that could arise, have the potential to escape the immune system’s cytotoxic T cell response in some portion of the population. That’s the conclusion of a new modeling study publishing February 10th in PLOS Computational Biology.

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Conservative activist Charlie Kirk suggested that COVID-19 vaccines are contributing to higher mortality rates in the U.S. over the last few years.

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Scientists at McMaster University who have developed an inhaled form of COVID vaccine have confirmed it can provide broad, long-lasting protection against the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. The research, recently published in the journal Cell, reveals the immune mechanisms and significant benefits of vaccines being delivered directly into the respiratory tract, rather than by traditional injection.

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A new study by UCLA researchers and colleagues demonstrates that the Ebola vaccine known as rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP results in a robust and enduring antibody response among vaccinated individuals in areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) that are experiencing outbreaks of the disease. Among the more than 600 study participants, 95.6% demonstrated antibody persistence six months after they received the vaccine. The study is the first published research examining post–Ebola-vaccination antibody response in the DRC, a nation of nearly 90 million. While long-term analyses of the study cohort continue, the findings will help inform health officials’ approach to vaccine use for outbreak control, the researchers said.

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Researchers at Fox Chase Cancer Center conducted the largest published, peer-reviewed, study to-date examining the short-term adverse effects of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in patients with cancer—finding they experienced no more, and no different, side effects compared to non-cancer patients.

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在整个2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间，存在一个普遍的误解，那就是COVID-19对儿童的影响不大，即使他们生病，症状也很轻微。然而，大流行病正在以多种方式影响着儿童的身心健康。

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Ao longo da pandemia de COVID-19, um erro comum é que as crianças não são afetadas pela doença, e que se elas ficassem doentes, os sintomas seriam leves. Porém, a pandemia está afetando as crianças de maneiras diversas, física e mentalmente.