Feature Channels: Alzheimer's and Dementia

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A recent study by researchers from the NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and the Memory, Ageing and Cognition Centre under the National University Health System revealed that low levels of ergothioneine in blood plasma may predict an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, suggesting possible therapeutic or early screening measures for cognitive impairment and dementia in the elderly.

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Researchers at UC San Diego provide new insights into the pathology of limbic predominate age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, which mimics Alzheimer’s, making it very difficult to identify in living patients.

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The Carol and Gene Ludwig Center for Research on Neurodegeneration will bring novel approaches to Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative disease research.

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As human lifespans increase, so does general memory impairment – calling for the need to expand research for dementia treatment. The key to this expansion is the center focus of the SLAS Discovery featured article, “A neuronal cell-based reporter system for monitoring the activity of HDAC2” by Unemura, et al.

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Early Alzheimer’s Diagnostics LLC was awarded a highly competitive NSF Small Business Technology Transfer grant. It will be used to advance the commercialization of a screening tool that tests saliva for the detection of early and preclinical Alzheimer’s disease.

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For the first time, scientists have recorded human nerve cells firing together in flexible assemblies, a process that appears necessary to successfully encode long-term memories, a study led by UT Southwestern researchers reports.

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The University of Kentucky is a site for the groundbreaking AHEAD study, the first-ever clinical trial to test the effect of lecanemab (investigational antibody) in people who have no cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but in whom biomarker tests indicate amyloid is present in the brain, known as “preclinical” AD.

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Investigators at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Regenstrief Institute, and Indiana University School of Medicine have received an $11 million grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to evaluate an Einstein-developed test for assessing cognitive impairment and dementia.

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New research suggests that former professional football players may face accelerated aging, despite past research showing they have life spans similar or longer than the general population In the new study, retired football players reported shorter health spans — defined as years free of disease – than men in the general population Two age-related diseases — arthritis and dementia — were found more commonly among former football players, compared with men of the same age in the general population Additionally, hypertension and diabetes were more common among younger former players, those ages 25 to 29, compared with same-age men from the general population. The results warrant further study to define the biochemical, cellular, and physiologic mechanisms behind premature aging in former football players

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Researchers at Tufts University have completed the first study examining levels of vitamin D in brain tissue, specifically in adults who suffered from varying rates of cognitive decline. They found that members of this group with higher levels of vitamin D in their brains had better cognitive function.

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Here are some of the latest articles that have been added to the Behavioral Science channel on Newswise, a free source for journalists.

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Researchers can detect small "toxic" aggregates of a particular protein in the blood of individuals with Alzheimer's disease and in individuals who showed no signs of cognitive impairment at the time the blood sample was taken, but who developed it at a later date.

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A pair of early stage clinical studies testing the safety and efficacy of 40Hz sensory stimulation to treat Alzheimer’s disease has found that the potential therapy was well tolerated, produced no serious adverse effects and was associated with some significant neurological and behavioral benefits among a small cohort of participants.

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A new study have identified which blood tests are best at detecting Alzheimer’s disease during the earliest stages, and another blood test that is optimal for detecting relevant treatment effects.

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Some people report a decline in their memory before any decline is large enough to show up on standard tests. This experience, called subjective cognitive decline, is associated with an increased risk of later developing dementia in white, Black and Latino people, according to a study published in the November 30, 2022, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

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New research findings published in Science Advances (November 2022), help explain the progression of Alzheimer-related dementia in each patient. The findings outline a biological classification system that predicts disease severity.

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Inflammatory response linked to amyloid plaque buildup

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Irvine, Calif., Nov. 29, 2022 — When the U.S. Food and Drug Administration gave controversial accelerated approval to the first Alzheimer’s drug in nearly 20 years, it had a surprising impact on attitudes about research into the disease. A survey by University of California, Irvine neuroscientists has found news coverage of the FDA’s decision made the public less willing to volunteer for Alzheimer’s pharmaceutical trials.

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A brief roundup of news and story ideas from the experts at UCLA Health.

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UC San Diego researchers identify the PKCα enzyme as a promising therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease; a mutation that increases its activity led to biochemical, cellular and cognitive impairments in mice.

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A Cornell-led collaboration used machine learning to pinpoint the most accurate means, and timelines, for anticipating the advancement of Alzheimer’s disease in people who are either cognitively normal or experiencing mild cognitive impairment.

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Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have found a biomarker that identifies, with up to 89% accuracy, people with a rare, deadly, untreatable brain disease called corticobasal degeneration (CBD). The biomarker could accelerate efforts to develop treatments for CBD.

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Experts from the Jona Goldrich Center for Alzheimer’s and Memory Disorders at Cedars-Sinai are available for interviews and to comment on research being presented at the conference.

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The Penn Artificial Intelligence and Technology Collaboratory for Healthy Aging (PennAITech) – made up of Penn’s School of Nursing, the Perelman School of Medicine, and other departments across the University – focuses on identifying developing, evaluating, commercializing, and disseminating innovative technology and artificial intelligence methods/software to support aging. It’s made possible through a grant from the National Institute on Aging, a part of the National Institutes of Health. In its first year, and through a competitive national grant review process, twelve applicants from academia, industry, and clinical practice across the United States have been selected for funding.

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It is difficult to assess brain health status and risk of cognitive impairment, particularly at the initial evaluation. To address this, researchers have developed the Brain Health Platform to quantify brain health and identify Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders.

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A study by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis yields clues to why certain parts of the brain are particularly vulnerable to Alzheimer’s damage. It comes down to the gene APOE, the greatest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. The parts of the brain where APOE is most active are the areas that sustain the most damage, they found.

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People with neurologic diseases like headache, dementia, multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson’s disease may experience worsening symptoms due to climate change, according to a scoping review of research published in the November 16, 2022, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

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A gene recognized as the strongest risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) alters the way cholesterol moves around the brain and as we age, this altered movement likely contributes to loss of learning and memory, a team of researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) reports.

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Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine posit that a region of the brain that Francis Crick thought to impart consciousness may have been incorrect: They developed a new theory — built on data — that the claustrum behaves more like a high-speed internet router, taking in executive commands from “boss” areas of the brain’s cortex that forms complex thoughts to generate “networks” in the cortex.

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Here are some of the latest articles that have been added to the Arthritis channel on Newswise.

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Using a 3D model of a network of living brain cells, researchers found that two common compounds—green tea catechins and resveratrol found in red wine and other foods—reduced the formation of amyloid plaques linked to Alzheimer’s disease

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Rejuvenating the immune cells that live in tissues surrounding the brain improves fluid flow and waste clearance from the brain — and may help treat or even prevent neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, according to a study by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.

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Recent studies have led to the development of imaging and spinal fluid tests for patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, the tests can only monitor severe disease. Reporting in ACS Chemical Neuroscience, researchers have now identified a biomarker that could help physicians diagnose AD earlier.

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Researchers at The University of Queensland have discovered a link between obstructive sleep apnoea and an increased risk of developing dementia.

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Matthew Dalva will succeed Jill Daniel, who has been head of the Brain Institute since its inception in 2016.

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The closing plenary session at ANA2022 spotlighted neurologic health inequities and presented new research finding that neighborhood disadvantage strongly predicted likelihood of death from neurologic conditions independent of individual wealth and demographics.

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Desde la enfermedad de Alzheimer y el asma hasta la diabetes y los medicamentos para quimioterapia, los investigadores de Mayo Clinic están utilizando el banco biológico Sangre Por Salud Biobank en Arizona, el cual es una fuente abundante de especímenes biológicos que amplía la diversidad en la investigación médica.

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Ochsner Health psychologist discusses Alzheimer's Disease during Alzheimer's Awareness Month