Feature Channels: Addiction

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随着可能与电子蒸汽烟相关的死亡占据了新闻头条，人们对电子蒸汽烟的影响及相关的肺部疾病越发感到担忧。卫生官员担心电子蒸汽烟与美国多州发生的死亡病例之间可能 存在关联。尽管还不确定造成肺部损伤的原因，但在等待对肺相关死亡病例的激增展开进一步调查之际，美国疾病控制与预防中心已经发出停用电子蒸汽烟的警告。

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Mögliche dampfbedingte Todesfälle dominieren aktuell die Nachrichtenschlagzeilen, weshalb die Sorge über die Auswirkungen des Dampfens und damit verbundener Lungenerkrankungen zunimmt.

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Les décès probablement liés au vapotage faisant les gros titres, on s'inquiète de plus en plus de ses effets et des maladies pulmonaires qui y sont associées. Les responsables de la santé craignent qu'il n'y ait un lien possible entre le vapotage et un certain nombre de décès multiples survenus aux États-Unis.

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Com as mortes possivelmente relacionadas ao uso de cigarros eletrônicos dominando as manchetes dos jornais, existe um receio crescente sobre seus efeitos e doenças pulmonares associadas. Os oficiais de saúde estão preocupados com a possibilidade de haver uma ligação entre o uso de cigarros eletrônicos e diversas mortes.

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Despite widespread use of the drug around the world and increasing moves to legalise its sale for recreational consumption, standard units - which have been commonplace for alcohol for many years - have never been adopted in health guidelines for cannabis.

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A University of Maryland School of Medicine study using a preclinical animal model suggests that prenatal exposure to THC, the psychoactive component of cannabis, makes the brain’s dopamine neurons (an integral component of the reward system) hyperactive and increases sensitivity to the behavioral effects of THC during pre-adolescence.

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People suffering from opioid addiction and chronic pain may have fewer cravings and less pain if they use both mindfulness techniques and medication for opioid dependence, according to Rutgers and other researchers.

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The need to prevent and rapidly treat opioid overdoses is in the spotlight. But a new study suggests more focus is needed on the risk of alcohol overdoses among people who use opioids of all kinds, and other drugs. Ninety percent of residential recovery center patients surveyed had overdosed on alcohol at least once, and 80 percent of them said that at the time of their overdose, they had also been taking other drugs.

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The total amount of opioids dispensed per new opioid prescription decreased by 22 percent in Penn Medicine outpatient practices in New Jersey after the state passed a law limiting prescriptions to a five-day supply for new opioid prescriptions. Penn Medicine implemented an electronic health record (EMR) alert, or “nudge,” to notify clinicians if that limit had been reached. The study, published online today in the Journal of General Internal Medicine, is one of the first evaluations of a state law’s impact on prescribing outcomes, and is the first report of an EMR being used to make compliance with prescribing limits easier. Importantly, after the prescribing limit and alert went into effect there was no evidence to suggest pain control worsened.

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Today, the CDC is expected to release new recommendations for evaluation and treatment of patients with suspected vaping-associated lung injury (VALI). The document -- “Interim Guidance for Health Care Providers Evaluating and Caring for Patients with Suspected E-cigarette Use, or Vaping, Associated Lung Injury — United States, October 2019” -- was written in concert with national experts identified from professional medical societies, including the ATS.

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The Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research at University of California San Diego School of Medicine announces $3 million in research grants to explore new applications of cannabis for a number of novel medical applications.

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Only one in five non-fatal alcohol overdoses results from use of alcohol alone, according to a study of patients in a large addiction treatment facility, with most alcohol overdoses involving concomitant use of other drugs. Alcohol can interact with other drugs ─ including marijuana, central nervous system depressants such as opioids, and stimulants such as cocaine ─ in various ways, and using them together is known to increase the likelihood and severity of overdose. Despite this, there is limited research examining the characteristics of alcohol overdose in the context of concomitant drug use. The new study, published in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, provides a clearer understanding of role of other drug use and its impact on outcomes of alcohol overdose.

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Penn Medicine has been awarded five grants from the NIH HEAL Initiative, totaling more than $22 million to apply scientific solutions to reverse the national opioid crisis.

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University of California, Irvine researcher Kevin Beier, PhD, assistant professor of physiology and biophysics in the School of Medicine, received a 2019 NIH Director’s New Innovator Award to study learning and memory in an effort to discover new treatments for behavioral symptoms of chronic stress and depression. Beier will receive $1.5M in funding over five years.

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虽然研究显示药物辅助治疗可帮助阿片类药物成瘾者，但根据对目前阿片类药物成瘾医疗数据的综述，美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准的三种药物未被充分利用。该综述发表在Mayo Clinic Proceedings的十月刊中。

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Obwohl die Forschung zeigt, dass opioidabhängigen Menschen durch eine medikamentengestützte Behandlung geholfen werden kann, werden die drei von der Food and Drug Administration (FDA) zugelassenen Medikamente nicht ausreichend eingesetzt, so eine Untersuchung der aktuellen medizinischen Daten zur Opioidabhängigkeit in den USA.

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Bien que la recherche montre qu'un traitement médicamenteux peut aider les personnes dépendantes aux opiacés, les trois médicaments approuvés par la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sont sous-utilisés, selon un examen des données médicales actuelles sur la dépendance aux opiacés aux États-Unis.

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We spend our days looking at them, talking to them, and touching them.

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Embora as pesquisas mostrem que tratamentos auxiliados por medicamentos podem ajudar os dependentes de opioides, os três medicamentos aprovados pela Food and Drug Administration são pouco usados, de acordo com uma análise dos dados médicos atuais sobre dependência de opioides nos EUA.

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Research into the pathology of vaping-associated lung injury is in its early stages, but a Mayo Clinic study published in The New England Journal of Medicine finds that lung injuries from vaping most likely are caused by direct toxicity or tissue damage from noxious chemical fumes.

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Sexual minority women are more likely to smoke cigarettes when drinking alcohol than heterosexual women, according to new University at Buffalo research.

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Aunque los estudios revelan que el tratamiento con medicamentos ayuda a la gente adicta a los opioides, poco se recurre a los tres fármacos autorizados por la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de Estados Unidos, informa una revisión de los datos médicos actuales sobre la adicción a los opioides en Estados Unidos.

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"The New Normal: Parents, Teens, and Mobile Devices in Mexico," is a study based on a survey of more than 1,200 Mexican teens and parents, and is led by USC Annenberg Dean Willow Bay and Common Sense founder and CEO James P. Steyer. Mexico is the fourth country surveyed — following the U.S., Japan and the U.K. — in the global mapping project designed to advance a cross-cultural exploration of family digital media engagement.

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Some of the areas of focus include cancer, addiction, environmental health, health disparities, infectious disease, translational biomedicine, and degenerative and chronic diseases. Its visionary approach addresses individual, psychosocial and institutional-level needs by synergistically enhancing institutional, faculty and student development.

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The National Institutes of Health (NIH) today announced that Zachary T. Schug, Ph.D., assistant professor in the Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program at Wistar, was awarded the prestigious NIH Director’s New Innovator Award in support of his research on the link between a high sugar/fat diet, alcohol use and cancer.

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For people with substance use disorders, their brains tell them they must use to stay alive. Now, we know the same thing happens in the brains of the people caring for them.

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Dado que las posibles muertes por vapear dominan los titulares en las noticias, han surgido más inquietudes respecto a sus efectos y a las enfermedades pulmonares relacionadas con esta práctica.

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Moderate drinking has been linked to a lower risk of coronary heart disease in several studies. However, the relationship between alcohol and heart disease remains controversial and is challenging to assess. Most available data are from prospective (forward-looking) studies of people in middle age or older, in whom alcohol intake was assessed at the time of study entry.

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Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) focuses on challenging and changing unhelpful thoughts and behaviors, and is a proven treatment for alcohol use disorder. However, the training and expert supervision needed to deliver consistent, high-quality face-to-face sessions is costly, limiting the widespread implementation of CBT in clinical practice. Delivering CBT through technology-based platforms, such as web-based programs and mobile apps, has potential to provide widespread and low-cost access to this evidence-based intervention ─ but it’s important to establish that tech-based CBT is as effective for alcohol treatment as the in-person format. A new report published in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research systematically examines the evidence for tech-based delivery of CBT for alcohol use by combining data from multiple published studies, using a statistical technique known as meta-analysis.

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A team of scientists at the University of California, Riverside, has found the concentration of metals in electronic cigarette aerosols -- or vapor -- has increased since tank-style electronic cigarettes were introduced in 2013.

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In the largest smoking cessation study of cancer patients to date, researchers from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center found that comprehensive tobacco treatment can help cancer patients successfully quit and abstain from smoking.

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sleep disturbance and alcohol problems are common among military veterans, and often occur together, with a large toll on physical and mental health. A new study published in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research examines the interplay of PTSD symptoms and disturbed sleep, and how they affect the risk of alcohol problems over time.

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Scientists from the UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs will lead a $25 million National Institutes of Health study testing treatments, including the use of telemedicine, to help fight the opioid epidemic in rural America.

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A team of researchers led by Wayne State University this week received one of 375 grant awards across 41 states made by the National Institutes of Health in fiscal year 2019 to apply scientific solutions to reverse the national opioid crisis.

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An innovative strategy called Teens Against Tobacco Use showed promise as an effective strategy to deter tobacco use in middle and high school students, according to a research study by The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health.

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Expanding Medicaid to more low-income adults helped many of them feel healthier, and do a better job at work or a job search, in just one year after they got their new health coverage, a new study finds.

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CBP recently joined forces with DHS S&T for a project called Synthetic Opioid Detection at Speed (SODAS).

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Wistar was awarded two major grants totaling more than $12 million from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), part of the National Institutes of Health, to fund an international multidisciplinary clinical research consortium spearheaded by Wistar’s HIV Research Program.

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Rutgers School of Dental Medicine (RSDM) was awarded an $11.7 million grant from the National Institutes of Health, (NIH) for research on the combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen as an alternative to opioids.