Feature Channels: Digestive Disorders

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Diseases of the Colon and Rectum Journal February 2020 Video Abstracts and Editor Picks

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Diseases of the Colon and Rectum Journal January 2020 Video Abstracts and Editor Picks

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People who eat high fiber diets are more likely to experience bloating if their high fiber diet is protein-rich as compared to carbohydrate-rich, according to a study led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

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UC San Diego scientists have completed the first study in humans demonstrating that a common algae improves gastrointestinal issues related to irritable bowel syndrome. The green, single-celled organism called Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was found to help with diarrhea, gas and bloating.

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UC San Diego School of Medicine researchers identified several genetic switches, or transcription factors, that determine whether or not liver cells produce collagen — providing a new therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.

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The Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI) recently published “Viewpoint” articles by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine professors who warn that global climate change is likely to unlock dangerous new microbes, as well as threaten humans’ ability to regulate body temperature.

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A bacteria typically linked to periodontal disease, Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nuc), could play an important role in the rising incidence of colorectal cancer in people under the age of 45. Another type of bacteria, Moraxella osloensis, has been found in colorectal cancer tumors at a nearly four-fold higher rate in people over 75 than in those under 45 years of age, pointing out how differences in the bacteria that comprise what is known as the body’s microbiome could affect cancer outcomes to varying degrees. These are the preliminary findings of an ongoing study that will be presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium in San Francisco from January 23-25, 2020.

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McMaster University researchers surveyed the data of patients of Hamilton’s two hospital systems over nine years and found 52 with low Vitamin C levels. This included 13 patients who could be diagnosed as having scurvy, and an additional 39 who tested positive for scurvy but did not have documented symptoms. Among those with scurvy, some were related to alcohol use disorder or to bariatric surgery but the majority were related to other causes of malnutrition such as persistent vomiting, purposeful dietary restrictions, mental illness, social isolation and dependence on others for food.

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Acid reflux drugs that are sometimes recommended to ease stomach problems during cancer treatment may have an unintended side effect: impairment of breast cancer survivors’ memory and concentration.

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Investigators at John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center in New Jersey are participating in a first-in-patients clinical trial assessing VE800, a novel bacteria-containing therapy, in combination with the immunotherapy drug nivolumab. Laboratory research has suggested that VE800 may enhance the effectiveness of drugs like nivolumab.

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A study involving tens of thousands of bariatric surgery patients found that gastric bypass patients were significantly more likely than gastric sleeve patients to end up back in the hospital in the years following surgery.

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Post-bariatric hypoglycemia is a profoundly life-altering condition for patients. Having unpredictable hypoglycemia that people can't detect is really an unsafe situation. Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have developed a closed-loop system that automatically provides patients with an appropriate, as-needed dose of liquid glucagon to treat this condition.

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Due in part to advanced surgical techniques, more effective medicines, and a multidisciplinary approach to treating the disease, University of Colorado Cancer Center is able to operate on 30+ percent of pancreatic cancer patients, nearly double the national average.

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Using a genomics strain-tracking bioinformatics tool, analyzed two metagenomic sequencing databases from pairs of twins — one for children who were still living together and the other from adult twins, ages 36 to 80, who then lived apart for periods from one to 59 years.

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UT Southwestern researchers find that humans and mice with pancreatitis are deficient in a stress hormone called FGF21.

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The University of Chicago Medicine's Xavier Keutgen, MD, one of the few surgeons in the country with advanced expertise in extensive removal of neuroendocrine tumors, talks about this rare disease.

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Mayo Clinic的一项新研究发现，许多60岁以下的胃癌患者的疾病“在基因和临床上均具有独特性”。该研究发现，与年长患者所患有的胃癌相比，这种新的早发性胃癌，其生长和扩散速度通常更快，预后更差，并且对传统化疗的耐药性更高。该研究最近发表于《外科手术》(Surgery)期刊。

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A review article from the George Washington University highlights the correlation between highly processed foods and increased prevalence of obesity in the United States.

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Could bile acids—the fat-dissolving juices churned out by the liver and gallbladder—also play a role in immunity and inflammation? The answer appears to be yes, according to two separate Harvard Medical School studies published in Nature.

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Viele Menschen unter 60 Jahren, die an Magenkrebs erkranken, weisen eine genetisch und klinisch besondere Form der Krankheit auf, wie neue Forschungsergebnisse von Mayo Clinic belegen.

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De nombreuses personnes de moins de 60 ans, qui développent un cancer de l’estomac souffrent d'une maladie « génétiquement et cliniquement distincte », selon les nouvelles découvertes de recherches menées par la Mayo Clinic.

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Uma nova pesquisa feita pela Mayo Clinic descobriu que várias pessoas com menos de 60 anos que desenvolvem câncer de estômago têm uma doença diferenciada do ponto de vista “genético e clínico”. O estudo descobriu que, em comparação ao câncer de estômago em adultos mais velhos, essa forma mais nova e de início precoce frequentemente cresce e se espalha mais rapidamente, tem um prognóstico pior e é mais resistente aos tratamentos quimioterápicos tradicionais.

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Scientists studied how the bacteria transport electrons across their cell wall. The bacteria use a method that’s different from other, known electricity-producing bacteria. They also found that hundreds of other bacterial species use this same process.

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Muchas personas menores de 60 años con cáncer de estómago tienen una enfermedad “diferenciada genética y clínicamente”, descubrió un nuevo estudio de Mayo Clinic. Comparado con el cáncer de estómago en adultos de más edad, este nuevo tipo de aparición temprana suele desarrollarse y diseminarse con mayor rapidez, tiene peor pronóstico y es más resistente a la quimioterapia tradicional.

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Many people under 60 who develop stomach cancer have a "genetically and clinically distinct" disease, new Mayo Clinic research has discovered. Compared to stomach cancer in older adults, this new, early onset form often grows and spreads more quickly, has a worse prognosis, and is more resistant to traditional chemotherapy treatments.

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if you’re traveling over the river and through the woods for the holiday, here are tips from Ritu Verma, MD, medical director of the University of Chicago Medicine Celiac Disease Center, to help keep your child who is living with celiac disease healthy and in the holiday spirit.

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a digestive disorder that causes hearburn and other uncomfortable symptoms, may affect nearly a third of U.S. adults each week, and most of those who take certain popular medications for it still have symptoms, according to a new Cedars-Sinai study.

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Researchers at the University of Toronto have identified a key protein that supports the growth of many colorectal cancers. The study, which will be published December 27 in the Journal of Cell Biology, reveals that a protein called Importin-11 transports the cancer-causing protein βcatenin into the nucleus of colon cancer cells, where it can drive cell proliferation. Inhibiting this transport step could block the growth of most colorectal cancers caused by elevated βcatenin levels.

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Researchers from Queen’s University Belfast have questioned the World Health Organisation’s blanket classification of processed meat as carcinogenic after finding significant evidence gaps between processed meat treated with nitrites and nitrite-free processed meat.

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Investigators at the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine discovered that blocking interleukin-1α (IL1α), a protein that controls inflammation in the gut, markedly decreases the severity of intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of Crohn’s disease (CD).

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Munmun Chattopadhyay, Ph.D., M.Sc., an assistant professor at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso’s Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, has been awarded a $100,429 grant from the Edward N. and Margaret G. Marsh Foundation for her research project, “Gastroparesis, a Mysterious Stomach Disorder and its Prevalence in Women.”

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Edith Cowan University researchers have found that a chronic disease affecting up to 80 per cent of overweight people may be causing an iron deficiency that simply leaves them too tired to get off the couch.

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Scientists at Wake Forest School of Medicine have identified a dead probiotic that reduces age-related leaky gut in older mice. The study is published in the journal GeroScience.

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Study in mice shows the nervous system not only detects the presence of Salmonella in the gut but actively stops the organism from infecting the body Nerves in the gut prevent Salmonella infection by shutting the cellular gates that allow bacteria to invade the intestine and spread beyond it As a second line of defense, gut neurons help avert Salmonella invasion by maintaining the levels of key protective microbes in the gut Findings reveal prominent role for nervous system in infection protection and regulation of immunity

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The International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology (ISGIO), a not-for-profit global educational organization committed to GI oncology, announces that Weijing Sun, MD, FACP, has been elected the society’s next leader.

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Research from doctors at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center finds a new “virtual biopsy” allows them to definitively diagnose cysts in the pancreas with unprecedented accuracy. This means they can eliminate precancerous cysts and potentially save lives.

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University of Utah Health scientists say they have detected new genetic clues about hibernation that could lead to better understanding and treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders that afflict millions of people worldwide.

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The highly contagious norovirus causes diarrhea and vomiting and is notorious for spreading rapidly through densely populated spaces, such as cruise ships, nursing homes, schools and day care centers. There are no treatments for this intestinal virus. A new study led by scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis has shown that gut microbes can tamp down or boost the severity of norovirus infection based on where along the intestine the virus takes hold.

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Experts from the University of Chicago Medicine Center for Esophageal Diseases share their tips on how to celebrate Thanksgiving without feeling the sting of acid reflux.

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Two genes that appear to help stem cells in the intestine burn dietary fat may play a role in colon cancer, according to a Rutgers study. The study, published in the journal Gastroenterology, describes a new connection between the way cells consume fat and how genes regulate stem cell behavior in the intestines of mice.

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Every day, more than 1200 people worldwide are told they have pancreatic cancer. Within 12 months, 80 per cent of them will have succumbed to the disease.

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A UC Davis study found that Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria rapidly repaired damaged gut lining (known as leaky gut) in monkeys infected with chronic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), an HIV-like virus. It linked chronically inflamed leaky gut to the loss of PPARα signaling and damage to mitochondria.

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Scientists at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute have identified a combination of two anti-cancer compounds that shrank pancreatic tumors in mice—supporting the immediate evaluation of the drugs in a clinical trial. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved versions of the compounds are used today to treat certain leukemias and solid tumors, including melanoma. The study was published in Nature Cell Biology.

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Northwestern Medicine scientists have discovered a new phenomenon in the brain that could explain the development of early stages of neurodegeneration seen in diseases such as ALS, which affects voluntary muscle movement such as walking and talking.

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Heliobacter pylori infection, quite common around the world, is linked to gastric cancer. Now, a Penn study shows that successfully wiping out the infection lowers the cancer risk.