Feature Channels: All Journal News

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Computer-based guide aims to help families with life-and-death treatment decisions

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Children who have more conflict in relationships with their mothers during early years of elementary school may find it more difficult to find a sense of purpose in life as they reach adulthood, suggests new research from Washington University in St. Louis.

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Xenotransplantation—transplanting organs from animals into humans—is one step closer to becoming a possibility for infants awaiting human heart transplantation.

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Diseases of the Colon and Rectum Journal Feb 2019 Video Abstracts and Editor Picks

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Facebook political memes of Donald Trump in the 2016 election were more likely to focus on his hairstyle and facial expressions, while those of Hillary Clinton were more likely to center on the email scandal and her relationships — a contrast to historical gender stereotypes in politics, study finds.

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Findings could rewrite textbooks about molecular structure for solvent ubiquitous in chemistry and biology.

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A team of researchers led by the University of California San Diego has identified a genetic pathway that causes some individuals to develop an abnormal heart rhythm, or arrhythmia, after experiencing a heart attack. They have also identified a drug candidate that can block this pathway.

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Fish and birds are able to move in groups, without separating or colliding, due to a newly discovered dynamic: the followers interact with the wake left behind by the leaders. The finding offers new insights into animal locomotion and points to potential ways to harness energy from natural resources, such as rivers or wind.

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Scientists at TRIUMF, the Institut de Physique Nucléaire, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have for the first time accurately predicted the properties of polarized deuterium-tritium thermonuclear fusion. Their findings, described in a Nature Communications publication released today, add to our current understanding of the dynamics of nuclear fusion and may enable more accurate predictions of other thermonuclear reactions critical to nuclear science applications.

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A study that brought together data from around the world has led to new findings on the effect of climatic factors on river ecosystems. The study, published in the latest issue of the journal Science Advances, found that climatic factors such as temperature and moisture influenced carbon-cycling rates—decomposition rate of organic matter—of river and riparian zones at the global scale. Carbon cycling is critical for the functioning of systems ranging from local food webs to the global climate.

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A person's ability to reason wisely about a challenging situation may improve when they also experience diverse yet balanced emotions, say researchers from the University of Waterloo.

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A study in human and mouse heart cells identifies a faulty molecular brake in the most common form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young people and athletes and the most common genetic disease of the heart The faulty brake, found about a quarter of all genetic mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, interferes with the heart muscle’s ability to contract and relax, a hallmark of the disease Treatment with a chemical compound successfully restores normal contractility and relaxation in human heart cells If replicated in further studies, the findings can lead to much-needed drug therapies that correct the molecular failure driving the disease

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A new study led by Danforth Center principal investigator Nigel Taylor and research scientist Narayanan Narayanan, shows that field-grown cassava plants overexpressing a combination of plant genes can accumulate significantly higher concentrations of iron and zinc.

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Physicists and chemists use 3D scanning to unlock the forgotten secrets of the multi-layered coating methods that give violins their exceptional tone and look

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The type of saturated fats we eat can affect our risk of a heart attack, according to a study published in the International Journal of Cardiology. People whose diets contain relatively little palmitic and stearic acid - saturated fats composed of 16 or more carbon atoms (longer-chain saturated fats) that are typically found in meats - and eat plant-based proteins instead have decreased chances of myocardial infarction.

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Scientists from The Australian National University (ANU) have used new space technology to predict droughts and increased bushfire risk up to five months in advance.

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In a recent groundbreaking study, a team of researchers led by BIDMC’s Dipak Panigrahy, MD, demonstrated that dead and dying cancer cells killed by conventional cancer treatments paradoxically trigger the inflammation that promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Now, in a follow- up study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS), Panigrahy and colleagues illuminate the mechanism by which debris generated by ovarian tumor cells targeted by first-line chemotherapy accelerates tumor progression.

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The Earth’s atmosphere and oceans play important roles in moving heat from one part of the world to another, and new research is illuminating how those patterns are changing in the face of climate change.

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Many complex systems in biology can be conceptualized as networks. This perspective helps researchers understand how biological systems work on a fundamental level, and can be used to answer key questions in biology, medicine, and engineering.

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The first and most distinct consequence of daily mild stress is an increase in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, a new study in the journal PNAS reports. The research also demonstrated that this increase is associated with genes involved in cell death and survival.

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Intensive control of blood pressure in older people significantly reduced the risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a precursor of early dementia, in a clinical trial led by scientists at Wake Forest School of Medicine, part of Wake Forest Baptist Health.

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High levels could decrease a person’s likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s disease. For individuals who have higher levels of the hormone, their chance of having mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease decreased by 65 percent.

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A list of screening tests for women recommended by family medicine specialist Lili Ann Lustig, DO, of University Hospitals.

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Around the country, women physician researchers make 7 to 8 percent less per year than men. At the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, efforts to eliminate such a gender disparity have cut the difference in salaries from 2.6 percent in 2005 to a statistically insignificant 1.9 percent in 2016.

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Inmates want to quit smoking but don’t have access to smoking cessation programs in state prisons, increasing the risk – especially among black male inmates -- of cancer, heart disease, stroke and other smoking-related diseases, according to Rutgers researchers.

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HBO's popular television series "Game of Thrones" returns in April, but millions of fans continue to illegally download the program, giving it the dubious distinction of being the most pirated program. Many may wonder why the TV network hasn't taken a more aggressive approach to combating illegal streaming services and downloaders. Perhaps it is because the benefits to the company outweigh the consequences. Research analysis by faculty in Indiana University's Kelley School of Business and two other schools found that a moderate level of piracy can have a positive impact on the bottom line for both the manufacturer and the retailer -- and not at the expense of consumers.

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Research from Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey examined a potential approach to cancer therapy that disrupts a cancer cell’s ‘fuel supply’ by targeting a cellular survival mechanism known as autophagy. Using laboratory models for LKB1-deficient KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer, they found that autophagy ablation reduced the frequency of tumor initiation and tumor growth in Lkb1-deficient lung tumors.

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Social anxiety disorder causes excessive fear of judgment or humiliation. A study of people with epilepsy in Colombia found that nearly 30% could have the condition, which may stem from worries about having a seizure in public.

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Marijuana (cannabis) has been used for thousands of years, both recreationally and medicinally. What do we know about its active compounds and how they work in the body, and how is cannabis research affecting epilepsy treatment?

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Headlines filled with frightening news of opioid abuse, overdoses and reports that 90 percent of addictions start in the teen years could make any parent worry. Yet parents remain conflicted about opioids: while more than half express concern their child may be at risk for opioid addiction, nearly two-thirds believe opioids are more effective at managing their child’s pain after surgery or a broken bone than non-prescription medication or other alternatives, according to a nationwide survey commissioned by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA).

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Glioblastoma (GBM) does not attract robust T cell immune responses. FGL2 is highly expressed in GBM and when present in tumor cells, controls a specialized group of dendritic cells which activates T cells.

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• First-of-its-kind study launched to examine the effects of personal networks on former NFL players’ health • Findings could inform health interventions to reduce risk • Short web-based survey provides personalized results and information for former players • Watch two videos that introduce the Personal Network Study

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Monash researchers have unlocked a key process in all human cells that contributes to diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases as well as ageing. The discovery reveals how cells efficiently get rid of cellular junk, which when it accumulates, can trigger death and the health problems associated with getting older.

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Twelve independent pediatric obesity medicine and surgery specialists, led by experts at Boston Medical Center (BMC), outline an urgent need for evidence-based guidance on the use of obesity pharmacotherapy for adolescents in the Obesity research journal.

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The old adage "use it or lose it" tells us: if you stop using your muscles, they'll shrink. Until recently, scientists thought this meant that nuclei - the cell control centers that build and maintain muscle fibers - are also lost to sloth.

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According to MSU research, the terror attacks we don't often see on the news – cyberattacks by far-left extremists – are causing more widespread destruction than we know.

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Carbon dioxide emissions can be captured and securely stored in underground rocks, even if geological faults are present, research has confirmed.

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The focus for asthma treatment is often stepping up treatment, but clinicians need to know how to step down therapy when symptoms improve.

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Over the past 40 years, there has been a dramatic decline in fishery landings of an iconic Baltic Sea fish: the flounder. In the 1980s, the landings of the flounder fishery in the Gulf of Finland dropped by 90 per cent, a trend that was later confirmed by fishery-independent surveys.

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New research led by the University of East Anglia (UEA) reveals how easy it is for consumers to understand the language used on personal finance websites.

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Injection of a genetically modified virus that induces the body’s own immune cells to attack metastatic melanoma effectively treated almost 40 percent of patients with tumors that could not be surgically removed.

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An earthquake and subsequent tsunami led to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant disaster in Japan in 2011. This observational study examined associations between the earthquake and power plant disaster with birth rates in Fukushima City, the capital of the prefecture.

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Benzodiazepines (tranquilizers) are a large class of drugs with lots of potential uses from treating anxiety to other conditions including insomnia, seizures and neuropathic pain. This study used nationally representative data to examine patterns in outpatient prescribing of benzodiazepines and included more than 386,000 ambulatory care visits from 2003 through 2015.

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Nearly 250 patients ended up at two Southern California emergency departments with injuries associated with standing electric scooter use and few riders were wearing helmets. This observational study used medical record review to examine injuries associated with standing electric scooter use over a one-year period; 228 patients were injured as riders and 21 as nonriders.

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With this report, the Stanford Latino Entrepreneurship Initiative (SLEI) shares results from the fourth annual Survey of U.S. Latino Business Owners.

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Neanderthals have been imagined as the inferior cousins of modern humans, but a new study by archaeologists at UCL reveals for the first time that they produced weaponry advanced enough to kill at a distance.

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Fish oil does not appear to improve asthma control in adolescents and young adults with uncontrolled asthma who are overweight or obese, according to new research published online in the Annals of the American Thoracic Society.

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A novel “Enhanced Recovery After Surgery” (ERAS) protocol developed by Penn Medicine for patients undergoing spinal and peripheral nerve surgery significantly reduced opioid use. The new study published in the Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine showed that when an ERAS protocol was employed fewer patients needed pain medications one month after surgery.