Feature Channels: All Journal News

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Single mothers work more when the government provides better health insurance, according to economic policy research.

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The eyes may be a window to the brain for people with early Parkinson’s disease. People with the disease gradually lose brain cells that produce dopamine, a substance that helps control movement. Now a new study has found that the thinning of the retina, the lining of nerve cells in the back of the eye, is linked to the loss of such brain cells. The study is published in the August 15, 2018, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

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Yale Cancer Center (YCC) scientists have filled in a key gap in understanding the unusual route by which the Human papillomavirus (HPV) infects cells.

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Two year-old children were taught novel words in predictable and unpredictable situations. Children learned words significantly better in predictable situations.

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Faculty at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) share tips on how to reduce your risk of a heat-related illness.

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Sandia’s materials science team has engineered a platinum-gold alloy believed to be the most wear-resistant metal in the world. It’s 100 times more durable than high-strength steel, making it the first alloy, or combination of metals, in the same class as diamond and sapphire, nature’s most wear-resistant materials.

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An international research group, which included an ISU scientist, has proven that three proteins that can help prevent the spread of HIV can be expressed in transgenic rice plants. Using plants as a production platform could provide a cost-effective means of producing prophylactics, particularly in the developing world.

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Researchers in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Johns Hopkins Medicine report that a computerized study of 36 healthy adult volunteers asked to repeat the same movement over and over became significantly faster when asked to repeat that movement on demand—a result that occurred not because they anticipated the movement, but because of an as yet unknown mechanism that prepared their brains to replicate the same action.

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A new manufacturing technique developed by researchers from Binghamton University, State University at New York may be able to avoid the “coffee ring” effect that plagues inkjet printers.

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Researchers discovered a gene mutation underlying hydrops fetalis – a fatal condition to fetuses. The proteins at the center of this finding are implicated in a number of diseases, opening avenues of potential drug discovery related to migraines, diabetes, osteoporosis, and other conditions.

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New study by researchers at Intermountain Medical Center in Salt Lake City found that patients with low-risk blood clots may be better off receiving treatment at home versus being admitted to the hospital.

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The first study to evaluate videos on facial plastic surgery procedures finds most are misleading

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Researchers at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) have discovered that a type of immune cell known as Langerhans appears to play an important role in photosensitivity, an immune system reaction to sunlight that can trigger severe skin rashes.

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A recent study finds a strong association between low birth weight and racial and ethnic segregation in four U.S. cities — Chicago, Baltimore, Boston and Philadelphia. African-American babies are faring the worst, find researchers from the Center for Community Health Equity, a collaboration of DePaul University and Rush University Medical Center in Chicago.

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In a randomized, Phase III trial led by researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, the PARP inhibitor talazoparib extended progression-free survival (PFS) and improved quality-of-life measures over available chemotherapies for patients with metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer and mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes.

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With more businesses using artificial intelligence to engage with consumers, the industry is working to make those interactions more human-like. An Iowa State researcher is contributing to that effort by improving how machines, such as smartphones and computers, understand and generate language.

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Researchers have found declines in the number and diversity of bird populations at nine sites surveyed in northern New Mexico, where eight species vanished over time while others had considerably dropped.

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A team of researchers from Penn Medicine has developed the first mouse model with an IPF-associated mutation, which induces scarring and other damage similar to what is observed in humans suffering from the condition.

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As sea levels rise due to climate change, so do the global hazards and potential devastating damages from tsunamis, according to a new study by a partnership that included Virginia Tech.

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Muscles of the elderly and of patients with Duchene muscular dystrophy have trouble regenerating. A new nanohydrogel with muscle stem cells has boosted muscle growth in mouse models while protecting the stem cells from immune reactions that usually weaken or destroy them.

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A first-of-its-kind global study shows that children in 27 developing countries have better nutrition—when they live near forests.

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People with prediabetes who go to bed later, eat meals later and are more active and alert later in the day — those who have an “evening preference” — have higher body mass indices compared with people with prediabetes who do things earlier in the day, or exhibit morning preference. The higher BMI among people with evening preference is related to their lack of sufficient sleep, according to a University of Illinois at Chicago-led study.

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Babies whose mothers experience interpersonal violence during pregnancy are more likely to exhibit aggression and defiance toward their mothers in toddlerhood, according to new research by Laura Miller-Graff and Jennifer Burke Lefever.

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Study Could Lead to Cures for Blinding Diseases

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The hearts of newborn piglets can almost completely heal themselves after experimental heart attacks, the first time this ability to regrow heart muscle has been shown in large mammals. This regenerative capacity disappears by day three after birth, researchers report in the journal Circulation.

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If you think you’re helping someone by lying, you may want to think again. Telling a lie in order to help or protect someone—a practice known as prosocial lying—backfires if the person being lied to perceives the lie as paternalistic, according to new research from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.

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You know that smell of fresh cut grass? It's a cry for help. Plants use scent cues to protect themselves and new research has identified the use of these plant volatiles in agricultural settings.

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A research team has demonstrated how light-emitting nanoparticles, developed at Berkeley Lab, can be used to see deep in living tissue. Researchers hope they can be made to attach to specific components of cells to serve in an advanced imaging system that can pinpoint even single cancer cells.

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Discoveries by two HHMI investigators show how proteins that organize into liquid droplets inside cells make certain biological functions possible.

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When physicians follow computer alerts embedded in electronic health records, their hospitalized patients experience fewer complications and lower costs, leave the hospital sooner and are less likely to be readmitted, according to a study of inpatient care.

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Married people who fight nastily are more likely to suffer from leaky guts – a problem that unleashes bacteria into the blood and can drive up disease-causing inflammation, new research suggests.

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A new study, authored by Anthony Bardo and Scott Lynch, examines "cognitive life expectancy." What exactly does that term mean? Bardo, an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Kentucky, describes "cognitive life expectancy" as how long older adults live with good versus declining brain health.

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Researchers at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine report that women whose mothers lived to at least age 90 were more likely to also live to 90, free of serious diseases and disabilities.

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A study by researchers from the Cancer Science Institute of Singapore (CSI Singapore) at the National University of Singapore has revealed that RUNX proteins are integral to efficient DNA repair via the Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway.

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Biologists have revealed that enhancer RNAs play a significant role in cancer dissemination. The researchers found that eRNAs have a direct role in the activation of genes that are important for tumor development. This role is facilitated by the ability of eRNAs to directly interact with BRD4, a protein known as a cancer disseminator.

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By genetically manipulating and removing the most common mutant form of the p53 gene that promotes colorectal cancer in humans, an international team of scientists demonstrated that this therapy reduces tumor growth and tissue invasion.

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Researchers studying the link between sleep apnea and heart disease have found a new mechanism: lipid clearance from the blood is slower in people with apnea, predisposing them to heart disease. Fortunately, CPAP treatment seems to improve matters.

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Immune cells usually ignored by neuroscientists appear to play an important role in determining whether an animal’s sexual behavior will be more typical of a male or female, according to research.

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An aquarium fish that senses the Earth’s magnetic field as it swims could help unlock how diseases such as Parkinson’s and other neurological disorders function. Michigan State University scientists are the first to discover a navigational gene in glass catfish called the electromagnetic-perceptive gene, or EPG, that responds to certain magnetic waves. They’ve already developed a way to use it to control movement in mice.

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Scientists at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) have identified the brain networks that allow you to think of an object name and then verbalize that thought. The study appeared in the July issue of BRAIN. It represents a significant advance in the understanding of how the brain connects meaning to words and will help the planning of brain surgeries.

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Collaboration powers machine learning software that performs data analytics on petabyte-sized data sets in series of successful test runs.

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Research on how adults deal with adversity has been dominated by studies claiming the most common response is uninterrupted and stable psychological functioning. In other words, this research suggests that most adults are essentially unfazed by major life events such as spousal loss or divorce. These provocative findings have also received widespread attention in the popular press and media.

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Scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles present research on a curious cosmic phenomenon known as “whistlers” -- very low frequency packets of radio waves that race along magnetic field lines. Appearing in the Physics of Plasmas, the study provides new insights into the nature of whistlers and space plasmas and could one day aid in the development of practical plasma technologies with magnetic fields, including spacecraft thrusters that use charged particles as fuel.

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Researchers comparing several clonal strains of isoniazid-sensitive and resistant tuberculosis bacteria found shared changes to mycobacterial metabolism that bolster the evidence for a new proposed drug target.

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In the first comprehensive study of the forefoot joints of ancient hominins, to be published online in PNAS, an international team of researchers conclude that adaptations for bipedal walking in primates occurred as early as 4.4 million years ago

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A new study led by the University of Washington uses data gathered by floating drones in the Southern Ocean over past winters to learn how much carbon dioxide is transferred by the surrounding seas. Results show that in winter the open water nearest the sea ice surrounding Antarctica releases significantly more carbon dioxide than previously believed.

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Scientists at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) announced that they have built a new model of genetically engineered immune cells in mice that may allow them to fight solid tumors.

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The 1987 Montreal Protocol and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol called for countries around the world to phase out substances that deplete the ozone layer and cause global warming, but many HVAC systems still use synthetic refrigerants that violate those international agreements and inflict environmental damage. Recently, Iranian researchers investigated how natural refrigerants could be used in geothermal heat pumps to reduce energy consumption and operating costs. They report their findings in the Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy.

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Researchers from the University of Florida and the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil have used state of the art simulations to assess the effect of both pH and redox potential, or rate of electron transfer, on a biomolecule.

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Experts in fluid dynamics and kids jumping into a pool both know that an object falling into a liquid makes a splash. A new study finds that a single layer of a penetrable fabric – in this case, toilet paper – causes a wettable ball to make an especially tall splash, but additional layers can stop the splash entirely.