Feature Channels: Vaccines

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In this issue, find research on how vacant lot cleanup reduces shootings, opioid and amphetamine births increase, e-cigarette trust and public health sources, vaccine exemption laws and more.

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Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and colleagues have isolated a human monoclonal antibody that can “neutralize” the West Nile virus and potentially prevent a leading cause of viral encephalitis (brain inflammation) in the United States.

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About half of all people with cystic fibrosis, the most common genetic disorder in the United States, die from a lung disease before they turn 40. A form of pneumonia called Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a likely culprit. WVU researcher Mariette Barbier is pursuing new ways to vaccinate at-risk populations against this deadly illness.

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Nearly a third of parents say they are not planning to get their child the vaccine this year, according to the C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital National Poll on Children’s Health at the University of Michigan.

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While this season is usually associated with the flu vaccine, adults, especially those who are older than 50, should also consider getting a vaccine for shingles.

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In this study, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) investigator Sujan Shresta, Ph.D., who studies both dengue and Zika viruses, explored awhether maternal immunity to Zika virus, which is structurally and genetically similar to dengue, might trigger a severe response to dengue infection in offspring.

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The National Institutes of Health awarded Tulane University School of Medicine a contract for up to $8.5 million over five years to develop a more effective and longer-lasting vaccine against pertussis, more commonly known as “whooping cough.”

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In an international collaboration between Sementis and Enesi Pharma, experts in the field of Zika virus and chikungunya vaccine research at UniSA’s Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory are working to evaluate a needle-free vaccination technology for SCV-based vaccines.

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Dermatologists routinely engage in the care of patients with mucocutaneous manifestations of Human Papillomavirus infections [HPV]

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Researchers at Duke Health, publishing in the Nov. 9 issue of the journal Science, used mouse models to track how immune cells are triggered during anaphylactic shock. They describe a previously unknown mechanism in which a newly identified immune cell basically mines the blood vessels for allergens and then utilizes an unusual mechanism for rapidly delivering the blood-borne allergens to mast cells

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Researchers from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine have shown that a single “cocktail” of three pill-based anti-parasite medications is significantly more effective at killing microscopic larval worms in people diagnosed with lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, than other standard two-drug combinations previously used in the global effort to eliminate this infectious disease. A combination of all three drugs given simultaneously had never been tested until now. An estimated 120 million people in over 50 tropical and subtropical countries are infected with lymphatic filariasis and another 856 million people are at risk.

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Dermatologists routinely engage in the care of patients with mucocutaneous manifestations of Human Papillomavirus infections [HPV]. HPV is associated with protean medical illnesses including cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers, as well as warts

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As co-leaders of an international collaboration, scientists at Scripps Research have discovered that tethering four antibodies together may be an effective strategy for neutralizing all types of influenza virus known to infect humans.

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Vanderbilt researchers, as part of the International Human Vaccines Project, are searching for the key to lasting protection against influenza by examining naturally protecting cells found in bone marrow.

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Exposure to wood smoke can have different effects on the respiratory immune systems of men and women – effects that may be obscured when data from men and women are lumped together.

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The HPV Vaccine: Why Parents Really Choose to Refuse 10/24/2018 AddThis Sharing Buttons Share to FacebookShare to TwitterShare to EmailShare to PrintShare to More Study results suggest safety concerns top the list, and that physicians need to step up their patient education and vaccine recommendations Researchers explain the reasons for why parents chose not to get their child vaccinated with the HPV vaccine Credit: Johns Hopkins Medicine Click the image above to view the video. A new study of survey data finds that only a minority of parents choose not to immunize their children against the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV) due to concerns that vaccination would encourage or support youth sexual activity, a reason frequently cited by doctors as a barrier to advocating for this vaccine. Instead, the results show, parental concerns that steer young people away from vaccination tend to focus on safety worries, lack of necessity, knowledge about HPV and absence o

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• Receiving high-dose vs. standard dose influenza vaccine in 2016-17 was associated with lower rates of hospitalization in dialysis patients, although this association was not seen in 2015-16 (when few dialysis patients received the high-dose vaccine). • There were no differences in rates of death between patients receiving the high-dose vs. standard dose influenza vaccine during either time period.

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Scientists investigating how the human immune system defends against malaria have uncovered a rare phenomenon: antibodies working together to bind to a vulnerable spot on the parasite.

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ISPOR—the professional society for health economics and outcomes research, announced today the publication of new recommendations for economic analysis of vaccination programs given limited resources and budgets.

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High-dose influenza vaccination substantially improves immune responses against influenza in adults with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, according to new research findings presented this week at the 2018 ACR/ARHP Annual Meeting .

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Fighting the Flu: With the Return of Influenza Season, Now is the Best Time to Protect Yourself 10/17/2018 AddThis Sharing Buttons Share to FacebookShare to TwitterShare to EmailShare to PrintShare to More An interview with Lisa Maragakis and Aaron Milstone about the flu. Credit: Johns Hopkins Medicine With the start of the flu season, cases have surfaced in regions around the country, and Johns Hopkins Medicine experts expect to see that number continue to grow through the winter. Doctors recommend that everyone 6 months and older get the flu vaccine each year to prevent the virus or reduce the seriousness if you do get sick.

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A new study led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health finds that in the event of a flu epidemic caused by a novel virus, using pharmacies to administer flu vaccines could save thousands of lives and billions of dollars.

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ISPOR—the professional society for health economics and outcomes research (HEOR), has published a new Good Practices for Outcomes Research Report that illustrates how constrained optimization methods can be used to assess the value of health technologies.

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It’s that time of year again: time to get your flu vaccination. Here’s what you need to know to stay ahead this flu season.

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Tamara Strauss has been living with high-grade, stage IV pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer for more than three years. Current treatments, although effective for her, are highly toxic. Tamara enrolled in a first-of-its-kind, pilot study at Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health to test a personalized vaccine using her unique cancer mutations to boost an anti-tumor immune response.

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New research from the University of Georgia suggests that in the case of HPV, health care providers shouldn’t place too much faith in the smart device alone to get their message across.

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A new Lassa fever and rabies vaccine shows lasting immunity and suggests a new way to test for protection.

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Experts say it's always better to get the flu vaccine than not.

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A novel synthetic DNA vaccine developed based on technology pioneered by Wistar scientists offers complete protection from Zaire Ebolavirus (EBOV) infection in promising preclinical research.

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For decades, scientists have been trying to develop a vaccine that prevents mosquitoes from spreading malaria among humans. This unique approach — in which immunized humans transfer anti-malarial proteins to mosquitoes when bitten — is called a transmission-blocking vaccine (TBV). A new biotech advancement moves us closer to this goal. If successful, it could help reduce the spread of the disease, which kills more than 400,000 people annually.

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Wistar scientists and collaborators demonstrate for the first time that through engineering constructs, they can express DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs) targeting CTLA-4, an important cancer checkpoint molecule that blocks anti-cancer immunity.

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Efthimios Parasidis, associate professor of law and public health at The Ohio State University, talks about whether or not it's a good idea for companies to mandate that their employees get a flu shot. Status of House Bill 193: https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/legislation-status?id=GA132-HB-193

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Wistar scientists have implemented a novel structurally designed synthetic DNA vaccine to simultaneously target multiple members of a family of proteins that are specifically overexpressed in several types of cancer.

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A tumor-specific vaccine combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor shrank tumors in one third of patients with incurable cancer related to the human papilloma virus (HPV) in a phase II clinical trial led by investigators at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and reported in JAMA Oncology.

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Diabetes makes it harder for the immune system to fight off some infections, leaving people with the condition at a higher risk for serious complications from vaccine-preventable diseases, like the flu, pneumonia, hepatitis B, tetanus and shingles.

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A new Philadelphia-based start-up, Virion Therapeutics, LLC spun out of The Wistar Institute, will work to advance innovative, immune-based therapies for the treatment of chronic viral-associated cancers and viral infections utilizing the first genetically encoded checkpoint inhibitor that can be given via vaccination.

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A joint effort between the University of Georgia and the University of Texas at Austin has discovered how ETEC works to cause disease. They are using this information in an effort to develop a preventive vaccine for travelers.

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With fall just around the corner, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) expects flu season to begin ramping up within the next few months.

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A therapeutic vaccine can boost antibodies and T cells, helping them infiltrate tumors and fight off human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck cancer. Researchers from the Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania tested the immunotherapy approach in two groups of patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCCa) and found 86 percent showed elevated T cell activity.

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Children who experience some type of adverse event following initial immunization have a low rate of recurrent reactions to subsequent vaccinations, reports a study in The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, the official journal of The European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases. The journal is published in the Lippincott portfolio by Wolters Kluwer.

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– Primary care clinics experienced a significant decline in influenza vaccinations as the day progressed, researchers from Penn Medicine report in a new study published in JAMA Open Network. However, “nudging” clinical staff to order vaccines using a behavioral economics technique known as “active choice” may help curb some of that drop off, the study suggests. The study is the first to show how clinic appointment times can influence influenza vaccination rates.

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New research shows that the body’s own microbes are effective in maintaining immune cells and killing certain oral infections.