The symposium, "Ultra Fast and Ultra Active: the Strange Life of the Extraocular Muscles," takes place during the 120th annual meeting of the American Physiological Society (APS). Experts discuss what makes these muscles unique and how and why they are targeted by some diseases and not others.
New study examining the overall and gender-related effects of laparoscopic gastric banding surgery (LGBS) on insulin resistance, body composition, and metabolic risk markers six months after surgery has found significant improvements in insulin resistance. Improvements occurred despite continuing obesity.
An international team of scientists led by Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego and the Department of Energy's (DOE) Joint Genome Institute has peered into the genetic makeup of two species of phytoplankton, the tiny plants key in global photosynthesis and carbon cycling, and come away with surprising results about evolutionary engineering and new ideas about the role that a poorly understood chemical element may play in the world's oceans.
New study of breast cancer survivors practicing Iyengar yoga finds these survivors have changes in the way their immune cells respond to activation signals, which may be important for understanding how physical activity/meditative practices benefit immune system.
Results of a new study suggest that people with mild to moderate MS are capable of improving their aerobic fitness to levels similar to their non-MS counterparts. While physical inactivity may predispose MS patients to have increased coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, MS-related symptoms don't preclude this group from potentially reducing their risk factors through exercise.
Hopkins researchers have identified a backup supply of stem cells that can repair the most severe damage to the nerves responsible for our sense of smell. These reservists normally lie around and do nothing, but when neighboring cells die, the scientists say, the stem cells jump into action. A report on the discovery will appear online next week in Nature Neuroscience.
New study presents first animal model to confirm alcohol consumption stimulates tumor growth and malignancy of breast cancer, and reveals some of the mechanisms of alcohol-induced breast cancer. Findings demonstrate that even moderate alcohol consumption significantly stimulates tumor growth of breast cancer.
Researchers investigating a peptide (oxytocin) produced by the brain that regulates social behavior, have found it can prevent detrimental cardiac responses in adult female animals exposed to social isolation. The findings may provide further insight into how the mechanisms affect humans.
Oxford researchers examined several deep brain nuclei during exercise & concluded the periaqueductal grey area (PAG), the small-celled gray matter adjoining or surrounding the cerebral aqueduct and the third ventricle in the midbrain, contains the greatest number of neural changes in connection with anticipation of exercise.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have discovered to their surprise that a drug commonly used to treat toenail fungus can also block angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels commonly seen in cancers. The drug, itraconazole, already is FDA approved for human use, which may fast-track its availability as an antiangiogenesis drug.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have discovered that the same ingredient used in dandruff shampoos to fight the burning, itching and flaking on your head also can calm overexcited nerve cells inside your head, making it a potential treatment for seizures. Results of the study can be found online in Nature Chemical Biology.
In 1928, Alexander Fleming opened the door to treating bacterial infections when he stumbled upon the first known antibiotic in a Penicillium mold growing in a discarded experiment.
In a breakthrough that could make the production of cellulosic ethanol less expensive, Cornell researchers have discovered a class of plant enzymes that potentially could allow plant materials used to make ethanol to be broken down more efficiently than is possible using current technologies.
At the upcoming CLEO/QELS meeting in Baltimore, an MIT-Sandia team will demonstrate the first real-time terahertz imaging system that obtains images from 25 meters away.
A new technique for creating films of barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles in a polymer matrix could allow fabrication of improved capacitors able to store twice as much energy as existing devices.
If you've ever wondered about the ultimate fate of the universe, Lawrence Krauss and Robert Scherrer have some good news - sort of. The two physicists show that matter as we know it will remain as the universe expands at an ever-increasing clip. That is, the current status quo between matter and its alter ego, radiation, will continue as the newly discovered force of dark energy pushes the universe apart.
A team of researchers examined the effectiveness of 16 plants growing in South Africa's Kwa-Zulu Natal region and concluded that eight plant extracts may hold value for treating high blood pressure (hypertension). One — "wild garlic" — showed strong promise.
Three of America's best known voices in the debate about evolution in the teaching of science will meet to discuss the issue on Sunday, April 29, 2007 in Washington, DC. Their symposium, entitled Teaching About Evolution in a Biomedical Context, is part of the 120th annual meeting of the American Physiological Society. The APS, founded in 1887, is one of the nation's oldest scholarly societies for scientists.
A Drexel University engineering professor has developed a millimeter-size cantilever biosensor that can detect cells and proteins in trace samples and in only minutes. The sensor could have wide applications in medical diagnostic testing (prostate cancer), detecting contamination in food products (E. coli bacteria) and monitoring for biothreat agents (anthrax).
A University of Massachusetts Amherst biochemist is creating the first online models of biological molecules customized to figures in scientific research articles. Readers can rotate the models; zoom in on mutations and other sites, and in some cases, watch atoms rearrange during chemical reactions.
An experiment called "shining light through walls" would seem hard to improve upon.
Increased levels of ozone associated with the release of greenhouse gases are causing vegetation to use more water and may intensify the effects of global warming on ecological systems.
Analysis of three genetic mechanisms that cause non-small cell lung cancer might explain why East Asians respond better than other ethnic groups to a certain type of chemotherapy, a team led by UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers has found.
A relative of the anti-aging gene Klotho helps activate a hormone that can lower blood glucose levels in fat cells of mice, making it a novel target for developing drugs to treat human obesity and diabetes, UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers have found.
Scientists at the University of Chicago and the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., have produced new evidence to finally resolve the mysterious identity of what they regard as one of the weirdest organisms that ever lived.
Cilia, tiny hair-like structures that propel mucus out of airways, have to agree on the direction of the fluid flow to get things moving. Researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies discovered a novel two-step mechanism that ensures that all cilia beat in unison.
A team of scientists have created a kind of molecular nose that uses nanoparticle-based sensors to sniff out and identify proteins. The sensors can be trained to detect a wide variety of proteins and could eventually serve as a tool for diagnosing diseases like cancer by sniffing out the proteins made by sickly cells.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins took advantage of a new technique that reads the makeup of proteins to identify nearly all chemical changes nature makes by adding phosphate to proteins manufactured in human cells.
The Calorie Control Council today stated that an unpublished rat study conducted by Italy's Ramazzini Institute is totally contradictory to the extensive scientific research and regulatory reviews conducted on aspartame. The FDA is not recommending any changes in the use of aspartame.
The largest study to date of genetic variation among chimpanzees has found that the traditional, geography-based sorting of chimps into three populations"”western, central and eastern"”is underpinned by significant genetic differences, two to three times greater than the variation between the most different human populations. This has important implications for conservation.
In the children's game "red light green light," winners are able to stop, and take off running again, more quickly than their comrades. New research reveals that a similar race goes on in our brains, with impulse control being the big winner.
Reproduction of tiny orabatid mites raises questions about evolutionary biology.
The average U.S. resident is exposed to nearly six times as much radiation from medical devices than in 1980, according to preliminary results of a study done by the National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements (NCRP).
Past civilizations have fallen when they wore out their supply of soil, and in a new book a University of Washington scientist says the same thing appears to be happening again -- with potentially far more serious consequences.
Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), common in flame retardants, have shown steady increases in the environment. These compounds accumulate through the food chain, reaching high levels in top predators. A new study published in the latest issue of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry provides the first evidence of the harmful effects of these contaminants to a mammalian top predator, the mink.
By combining two techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared optics, researchers at Dartmouth College and Dartmouth Medical School may have devised a new, potentially more accurate method for diagnosing breast cancer.
The most widely used nonhuman primate in biomedical research is even more valuable since the complete DNA sequence of the rhesus genome has been announced. San Antonio scientists who assisted with the effort and who led the nomination of the rhesus for full genome sequencing say the development has tremendous potential to advance a broad range of studies on human health.
Dr. Mary Schweitzer, a North Carolina State University researcher and colleagues at Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center have confirmed the existence of protein in soft tissue recovered from the bone of a 68 million-year-old T. rex. Their results may both change the way that people think about fossil preservation and present a new method for studying diseases.
Cornell University experts in computational biology and bioinformatics have made key contributions to the analysis of the genome of the rhesus macaque.
A UIC-led team of geologists has discovered and excavated fossils from a cave in a Kendall County, Illinois limestone quarry that has shed new light on living conditions in the area some 310 million years ago. The find includes a fossil of the oldest known conifer in North America.
Veterinary researchers will work with the Tanzanian National Park Authority to develop management strategies to protect the free-ranging chimpanzee population from tourism related problems, such as disease, habitat destruction, and competition for resources. They will live and work in environment friendly portable quarters.
Study that could help reveal how illusions are produced in the brain's visual cortex, researchers at the UCSD School of Medicine have found new evidence of rapid integration of auditory and visual sensations in the brain. Their findings, which provide new insight into neural mechanisms by which visual perception can be altered by concurrent auditory events.
Scientists have reported what is thought to be one of the world's greatest mass death of corals ever recorded as a result of the earthquake in Aceh, Indonesia on 28 March 2005.
Cornell researchers have identified a mutation in a gene that causes male infertility in mice. Because this is the first time that a dominant mutation that leads to infertility in a mammal has been discovered, researchers say they can now look for similar mutations in the DNA of infertile men.
Working with fruit flies, scientists at Johns Hopkins have discovered a protein required for two neighboring cells to fuse and become one "super cell."
University of Oregon scientists have identified molecular features that determine the light-emitting ability green fluorescent proteins, and by strategically inserting a single oxygen atom they were able to keep the lights turned off for up to 65 hours.
Research finds that for most adults in the Framingham Heart Study, dietary fat intake is associated with body mass index (BMI). However, for 13% of the study population with a specific gene variant within the apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5), higher dietary fat was not related to a higher BMI.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have discovered how cells fine-tune their oxygen use to make do with whatever amount is available at the moment.
An international team of scientists, including researchers from Cornell University, have found a mutation in a single gene that plays a key role in determining body-size differences within and among dog breeds and probably is important in determining the size of humans as well.
The major goal of Patrick Schaumont's CAREER project is to develop a methodology to create secure embedded system designs to protect information in cell phones, RFIDs and other portable systems, and protect copyrighted materials, such as songs and movies in portable players, and intellectual properties, such as embedded software.
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