Feature Channels: All Journal News

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New research from the University of Georgia reveals that exposure to famine during specific moments in early life is associated with depression later in life.

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McMaster University researchers have developed a new theory on Huntington’s disease which is being welcomed for showing promise to open new avenues of drug development for the condition.

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How do insects survive harsh northern winters? Unlike mammals, they don’t have thick coats of fur to keep warm. But they do have antifreeze. Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) prevent ice from forming and spreading inside their bodies. The existence of these AFPs has been known for decades, but the mechanisms governing this unique survival technique have proven difficult to determine.

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Researchers from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine have found a nanobody that holds promise to advance targeted therapies for a number of neurological diseases and cancer.

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明尼苏达州罗切斯特 -- 衰老（senescent）或功能失调细胞的存在会使幼鼠加速衰老，另一方面， 在老年小鼠中使用Senolytics药物来去除这些坏细胞可以改善健康并延长寿命。 Mayo Clinic的研究人员和合作者的这些发现为这一衰老研究领域的发展奠定了基础。 该研究结果发表在《自然 医学》杂志上（Nature Medicine）。

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A presença de células senescentes ou disfuncionais pode colaborar com o envelhecimento precoce dos camundongos jovens. Por outro lado, o uso de medicamentos senolíticos para remover essas células nocivas pode melhorar a saúde e prolongar a vida. Esses resultados de pesquisadores e colaboradores da Mayo Clinic fornecem uma base para avançar nesta área de pesquisa do envelhecimento. Os resultados foram publicados na Nature Medicine.

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Two years after inventing a microfluidic chip believed to help detect a life-threatening blood infection, researchers in the Texas Tech University Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center are finally seeing their product work successfully for human patients.

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A team led by the University of California San Diego has developed a chip that can detect a type of genetic mutation known as a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and wirelessly send the results in real time to an electronic device. The chip is at least 1,000 times more sensitive at detecting an SNP than current technology. The advance could lead to cheaper, faster and portable biosensors for early detection of genetic markers for diseases such as cancer.

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A multidisciplinary team from Washington University in St. Louis and the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base has developed a high-tech fix that brings some medical diagnostic tests out of the dark and into the light.

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La presencia de senescencia, o de células disfuncionales, puede hacer envejecer más rápido a los ratones; pero la administración de fármacos senolíticos para eliminar a estas maliciosas células en los ratones ancianos, les mejoró la salud y les prolongó la vida.

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A drug used to treat altitude sickness may help patients with glioblastoma, according to a study published July 4, 2018, in the journal Science Translational Medicine.

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Researchers used brain imaging to gauge how the hand, foot and lips are represented in the brains of 2-month-olds – a much younger age than has been studied previously. It is believed to be the first to reveal the greater neurological activity associated with the lips than with other body parts represented in the infant brain. It also indicates how soon infants’ brains begin to make sense of their bodies, a first step toward other developmental milestones.

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• The ultimate goal of basic biomedical research is to better the lives of patients through prevention, control or cure of disease. • Crossing that gap between the lab and bedside is difficult to achieve. • One great need for better treatment is diabetes, a disorder that afflicts one of every 10 U.S. adults and doubles the risk of early death.

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Verapamil, a widely used blood pressure medication, has been found to help promote insulin production in adult subjects with recent-onset Type 1 diabetes by preserving beta cell function, when added to a standard insulin regimen. The findings mark the first effective, non-immunosuppressive therapeutic approach discovered to help target loss of beta cell function in Type 1 diabetes.

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An international team of leukemia scientists has discovered how to predict healthy individuals at risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML), an aggressive and often deadly blood cancer.

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Fish that ‘farm’ their own patches of seaweed alter their ‘cropping’ practices under high CO2 conditions, researchers at the University of Adelaide in Australia have found.

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A poorly understood mutation in the brain cancer glioblastoma (GBM) is now being implicated for the first time as the driver of rare but deadlier cases of the disease, a team of researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research reported this week in Cancer Cell.

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Using genome editing to inactivate a protein called PCSK9 effectively reduces cholesterol levels in rhesus macaques, the first demonstration of a clinically relevant reduction of gene expression in a large animal model using genome editing. This finding could lead to a possible new approach for treating heart disease patients who do not tolerate PCSK9 inhibitors—drugs that are commonly used to combat high cholesterol.

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For the first time, physicists discovered that superconducting nanowires made of MoGe alloy undergo quantum phase transitions from a superconducting to a normal metal state in increasing magnetic field at low temperatures. The findings are fully explained by the critical theory.

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Exposing newborn mice to vaginal microbes from stressed female mice may transfer the effects of stress to the newborns, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. These changes resemble those seen specifically in the male offspring of moms that were stressed during pregnancy.

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The presence of senescent or dysfunctional cells can make young mice age faster. And using senolytic drugs in elderly mice to remove these rogue cells can improve health and extend life. These findings from Mayo Clinic researchers and collaborators provide a foundation on which to move forward in this area of aging research. The results appear in Nature Medicine.

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Anesthesia’s effect on the developing brain is being researched continually, and you’ll be comforted to know that anesthesia provided during one brief surgery is considered safe by the experts at the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA).

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People who text while driving are six times more likely to be involved in a car crash. To combat this problem, more and more states are adopting driving laws that require people to use hands-free devices in the car. Yet a new study shows that many drivers are still willing to take the risk, as ‘fear of missing out’ and separation anxiety keep them from abiding by the law. The study, published in Risk Analysis: An International Journal, reveals that many drivers don’t perceive texting and driving to be dangerous in certain driving scenarios.

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Millennials living more dangerously and settling down later could be creating a new generation of addicted smokers and e-cigarette users, according to the surprising results of research by The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth).

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Researchers from Sandia National Laboratories have developed a tiny silicon-based device that can harness what was previously called waste heat and turn it into DC power.

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Providing free fruits and vegetables and limiting sugary drinks in schools could have positive health effects in both the short- and long-term, finds a new Food-PRICE study led by researchers from the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University.

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Cedars-Sinai has appointed Jeffrey A. Smith, MD, JD, MMM, as executive vice president of Hospital Operations and chief operating officer at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Smith, who will assume his new position in August, succeeds Mark Gavens, who announced his retirement last year.

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In a small study based on conversations with 20 hospital-based surgeons, Johns Hopkins researchers say they found that most report feeling pressure to operate under severe emergency situations, even when they believe the patients would not benefit.

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Researchers in the United States and New Zealand recommend key strategies to help these and other nations achieve health equity.

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All matter is composed of atoms, which are too small to see without powerful modern instruments including electron microscopes. The same electrons that form images of atomic structures can also be used to move atoms in materials. This technique of single-atom manipulation, pioneered by University of Vienna researchers, is now able to achieve nearly perfect control over the movement of individual silicon impurity atoms within the lattice of graphene, the two-dimensional sheet of carbon.

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A new study finds that severe childhood trauma and stresses early in parents' lives are linked to higher rates of behavioral health problems in their own children.

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Physicians who work in small, independent primary care practices—also known as SIPs--report dramatically lower levels of burnout than the national average (13.5 percent versus 54.4 percent), according to a study led by researchers at NYU School of Medicine publishing online July 9 in the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine.

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Young adults who had parents incarcerated during childhood do not receive timely healthcare and have more unhealthy behaviors, Lurie Children’s researchers find

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Far from just being the product of our parents, University of Adelaide scientists have shown that widespread transfer of genes between species has radically changed the genomes of today’s mammals, and been an important driver of evolution.

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In a new study, published July 6 in The Lancet, a team of researchers led by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center's Dan H. Barouch, MD, PhD, in collaboration with Janssen Vaccines & Prevention and other partners, evaluated a series of preventative HIV vaccine regimens in uninfected human volunteers in five countries. In a similarly designed study, Barouch and colleagues tested the same vaccine for its ability to protect rhesus monkeys challenged with an HIV-like virus from infection. The findings showed the vaccines induced robust and comparable immune responses in humans and monkeys and protected monkeys against acquisition of infection.

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Argonne scientists have determined that electrons in some oxides can experience an “unconventional slowing down” of their response to a light pulse. This behavior may result in potentially useful properties related to magnetism, conductivity or even superconductivity.

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Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center have found that consuming a broth rich in umami—or savory taste—can cause subtle changes in the brain that promote healthy eating behaviors and food choices, especially in women at risk of obesity.

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St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital scientists report the protein complex mTORC1 serves as a bridge between environmental signals and metabolic programs to influence the fate of developing T cells

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A DNA-sensing enzyme forms droplets that act as tiny bioreactors creating molecules to stimulate innate immunity – the body’s first response to infection, UT Southwestern researchers report.

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Pesquisadores da Mayo Clinic estão usando genômica de precisão para pesquisar novas mutações genéticas hereditárias que aceleram o envelhecimento. Em um estudo publicado recentemente no periódico Mayo Clinic Proceedings, pesquisadores avaliaram 17 pacientes com síndromes do encurtamento dos telômeros — uma condição rara que resulta na deterioração prematura do DNA e das células. A capacidade de determinar anomalias genéticas associadas a síndromes de encurtamento dos telômeros é essencial para descobrir formas mais eficientes de examinar, diagnosticar e tratar pacientes.

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In two new papers, the MicroBooNE collaboration describes how they use this detector to pick up the telltale signs of neutrinos. The papers include details of the signal processing algorithms that are critical to accurately reconstruct neutrinos’ subtle interactions with atoms in the detector.

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Motivated by a desire to better understand the molecular circuitry underlying neuroblastoma and limitations of current methods for predicting disease progression and outcome, researchers from the Kulesa Lab at the Stowers Institute for Medical Research and collaborators at the University of Michigan and Oxford University set out to construct a logic-based model incorporating information about developmental signaling pathways implicated in the disease.

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Research reveals motivations and rewards of citizen scientists

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As the roles for telemedicine, robotics, and even augmented reality in medicine expand, some researchers are focusing on making sure conversation and storytelling - tools and skills that have been around since the beginning of time - still play a central role in health care.

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Symptoms of depression and anxiety are present in about one-third of patients with heart failure – and these patients are at higher risk of progressive heart disease and other adverse outcomes, according to a review and update in the July/August issue of Harvard Review of Psychiatry. The journal is published in the Lippincott portfolio by Wolters Kluwer.

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Especially at longer follow-up times, overweight and obesity are associated with chronic disease risks for survivors of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), reports a study in the July/August issue of the Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation (JHTR). The official journal of the Brain Injury Association of America, JHTR is published in the Lippincott portfolio by Wolters Kluwer.

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A “smart” bandage is designed to monitor the condition of chronic wounds and deliver drug treatments to improve chances of healing. While the bandages remain to be assessed in a clinical context, the research is aimed at transforming bandaging from a passive to an active treatment paradigm.

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New research uncovers how a sticky protein called fibronectin promotes the activity of estrogen in breast cancer cells. The study, “Fibronectin rescues estrogen receptor α from lysosomal degradation in breast cancer cells,” will be published July 6 in the Journal of Cell Biology (JCB).

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A new study published in Circulation, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Heart Association and led by a cardiologist at the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at Toronto General Hospital has found evidence that only one of the 21 genes normally associated with Brugada Syndrome is a definitive cause of the condition.