For the first time, researchers at the GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences have successfully used the gene-editing tool CRISPR/Cas9 to limit the impact of parasitic worms responsible for schistosomiasis and for liver fluke infection, which can cause a diverse spectrum of human disease including bile duct cancer.
With winter temperatures in Maricopa County rarely dipping below freezing--60 degrees and raining, like today, is one of its more wintry days--Arizona is a perfect home for virus-carrying mosquitoes to overwinter, allowing the virus to survive.
Researchers at University of Utah Health conducted a state-by-state analysis to understand the geographic disparities for patients diagnosed with melanoma. The results of their study suggest that lower survival is associated with more practicing physicians in a region and higher population of Caucasians.
Researchers found that personality traits have a significant bearing on a person’s attitudes toward obesity, their implicit theories of weight and their willingness to engage in derisive fat talk or weight discrimination.
Keeping road pavement in good shape saves money and energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions, more than offsetting pollution generated during road construction, according to a Rutgers-led study.
Cellulose obtained from wood has amazing material properties. Empa researchers are now equipping the biodegradable material with additional functionalities to produce implants for cartilage diseases using 3D printing.
Scientists from Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (SBP) have demonstrated that muscle stem cells may give rise to rhabdomyosarcoma that occurs during DMD—and identified two genes linked to the tumor’s growth. The research, performed using a mouse model of severe DMD, helps scientists better understand how rhabdomyosarcoma develops in DMD—and indicates that ongoing efforts to develop treatments that stimulate muscle stem cells should consider potential cancer risk. The study was published today in Cell Reports.
A study of factors that may be associated with urban adolescents going undiagnosed with asthma has found that Latino and African American urban adolescents, these groups were at lower risk to go undiagnosed compared with Whites.
Researchers conducted a prospective study of health-related quality of life in young athletes with a sports-related concussion or sports-related extremity fracture during the recovery period.
Drs. Don Gammon and Nick Grishin of UT Southwestern have sequenced the genomes of the European gypsy moth and its even more destructive cousin, the Asian gypsy moth.
People riding free-floating bike share rentals in Seattle are wearing helmets infrequently, according to a new analysis conducted by University of Washington researchers. Only 20 percent of bike share riders wore helmets in the study, while more than 90 percent of cyclists wore helmets while riding their own bikes. Different research on the free-floating bike share systems showed that bikes were usually available in all Seattle neighborhoods across economic, racial and ethnic lines. However, more bikes were located in more-advantaged neighborhoods.
Scientists from Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (SBP) have identified an epigenetic marker and two genes that caused heart failure in the children and grandchildren of fruit flies with high-fat-diet-induced heart dysfunction. Reversing the epigenetic modification or over-expressing the two genes protected subsequent generations from the negative heart effects of their parents’ diet. These findings help explain how obesity-related heart failure is inherited and uncover potential targets for treatment. The study was published in Nature Communications on January 14, 2019.
Replacing 30 minutes of sitting with physical activity cut the risk of early death by as much as 35 percent, finds a new study.
A Mississippi State civil engineering faculty member who researches resilience against extreme events and natural hazards is responding to lessons learned from California’s deadly Camp Fire by outlining how to utilize the power of data to improve disaster response and minimize economic loss and human harm in similar events.
Human beings can configure their faces in thousands and thousands of ways to convey emotion, but only 35 expressions actually get the job done across cultures, a new study has found. And while our faces can convey a multitude of emotions—from anger to sadness to riotous joy—the number of ways our faces can convey different emotions varies. Disgust, for example, needs just one facial expression to get its point across throughout the world. Happiness, on the other hand, has 17—a testament to the many varied forms of cheer, delight and contentedness.
Researchers can precisely study how different genes affect key properties in a yeast used industrially to produce fuel and chemicals.
A new wave of semiconductors that can be painted on is on the horizon. It bears the promise of revolutionizing lighting all over again and of transforming solar energy. Ornate quantum particle action, revealed here, that drives the new material's properties defies the workings of established semiconductors.
In new research that could help inform development of new materials, Cornell chemists have found that the empty space (“pores”) present in two-dimensional molecular building blocks fundamentally changes the strength of these van der Waals forces, and can potentially alter the assembly of sophisticated nanostructures.
Irvine, Calif., Monday, Jan. 14, 2019 – Antarctica experienced a sixfold increase in yearly ice mass loss between 1979 and 2017, according to a study published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Glaciologists from the University of California, Irvine, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Netherlands’ Utrecht University additionally found that the accelerated melting caused global sea levels to rise more than half an inch during that time.
“Our aim,” the authors write, “is therefore to use our collective experiences and knowledge to highlight how the current debate about gene drives could benefit from lessons learned from other contexts and sound communication approaches involving multiple actors.”
New research from the University of Notre Dame shows that people who share money from a joint account are less likely to wastefully spend for fear of having to justify the expenses.
A new planet roughly twice the size of Earth has been discovered located within the “habitable zone”—the range of distances from a star where liquid water may exist on the planet’s surface. A research team that included a UChicago graduate student confirmed the finding after volunteer citizens flagged a crucial piece of evidence in data from NASA’s Kepler spacecraft.
In a University of California, Irvine-led study, researchers found evidence that fasting affects circadian clocks in the liver and skeletal muscle, causing them to rewire their metabolism, which can ultimately lead to improved health and protection against aging-associated diseases. The study was published recently in Cell Reports.
Short-lived wild insects "get old" - losing some of their physical abilities - before they die, new research shows.
It has long been known that a quarry near the Dutch town of Winterswijk is an Eldorado for fossil lovers. But even connoisseurs will be surprised just how outstanding the site actually is. A student at the University of Bonn, himself a Dutchman and passionate fossil collector, has now analyzed pieces from museums and private collections for his master's thesis.
There is little benefit for those over 70 taking higher dose vitamin D supplements to improve their bone strength and reduce the risk of falls, new research has revealed.
Here’s to sipping a cupful of health: Green tea steeped in bottled water has a more bitter taste, but it has more antioxidants than tea brewed using tap water, according to new Cornell University food science research published in Nutrients.
Researchers at the University of Oxford have performed the most definitive study to date on the relationship between technology use and adolescent mental health, examining data from over 300,000 teenagers and parents in the UK and USA. At most, only 0.4% of adolescent wellbeing is related to screen use - which only slightly surpasses the negative effect of regularly eating potatoes. The findings were published today in Nature Human Behaviour.
Experiments at the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have seen for the first time what happens when magnetic materials are demagnetized at ultrafast speeds of millionths of a billionth of a second: The atoms on the surface of the material move, much like the iron bar did. The work, done at SLAC’s Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray laser, was published in Nature earlier this month.
English patients living in poorer areas are likely to be prescribed more opioids by their GPs, according to a study led by the University of Manchester and University of Nottingham researchers. The research also shows how smoking, obesity and depression are all associated with more prescribing of the drugs for problems such as lower back pain and arthritis.
Just as the scientific community was reaching a consensus on the dangerous reality of climate change, the partisan divide on climate change began to widen.
As US rates of marijuana use continue to rise, workers who use marijuana may be at higher risk of losing their jobs, suggests a study in the January Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
Like surfers catching ocean waves, particles within plasma can ride waves oscillating through the plasma during fusion energy experiments. Now a team of physicists led by PPPL has devised a faster method to determine how much this interaction contributes to efficiency loss in tokamaks.
An innovative and complex surgery involving nerve transfers is restoring hope and transforming lives torn apart by a mysterious and devastating illness: acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). The surgery has restored arm movement and function in a number of young patients previously told their paralysis would be permanent.
Bullying in the workplace increases employees' psychological distress and plans to quit their job—even for workers who aren't personally being bullied, reports a study in the December Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
Total Worker Health (TWH) is a holistic approach to improving well-being in the American workforce. Recommendations from an expert workshop seeking to strengthen the evidence supporting TWH interventions are presented in a special article in the November Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
A recently published study by an international team of researchers has shed new light on how and why a particular type of sea fog forms, using detailed supercomputer simulations to provide more accurate predictions of its occurrence and patterns to help reduce the number of maritime mishaps.
Herpes viral infections use the ancient genetic material found in the human genome to proliferate, mimicking the same process tumors have been found to manipulate, Mount Sinai researchers have shown for the first time. These observations provide further insight about how herpes viruses can manipulate the immune system in ways that may drive neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, according to the study, published in Nature Communications in January.
A pair of researchers at Case Western Reserve University—one an expert in electro-chemical synthesis, the other in applications of plasmas—have come up with a new way to create ammonia from nitrogen and water at low temperature and low pressure. They’ve done it successfully so far in a laboratory without using hydrogen or the solid metal catalyst necessary in traditional processes.
A recent celebrity suicide and another celebrity's drug overdose point to differences in the way that toll-free helplines are publicized when such major news stories occur.
Researchers know that lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals are more likely than heterosexuals to use alcohol, tobacco or other drugs, but until now they didn't know to what degree.
For the first time, researchers at University of California San Diego have used rapid 3D printing technologies to create a spinal cord, then successfully implanted that scaffolding, loaded with neural stem cells, into sites of severe spinal cord injury in rats.
A new long-acting contraceptive designed to be self-administered by women may provide a new family planning option, particularly in developing nations where access to healthcare can be limited, a recent study suggests. The contraceptive would be delivered using microneedle skin patch technology originally developed for the painless administration of vaccines.
Variations in the axial tilt of the Earth have significant implications for the rise and fall of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, the miles-deep blanket of ice that locks up huge volumes of water that, if melted, would dramatically elevate sea level and alter the world’s coastlines. New research matches the geologic record of Antarctica’s ice with the periodic astronomical motions of the Earth.
Researchers at the University of Michigan Life Sciences Institute have identified a hormone produced by the liver that tells the body to downshift its metabolism when it's expending a lot of energy.
• Analysis of insurance records of more than 56,000 twin pairs assesses the influence of genes and environment in 560 diseases • Going beyond the usual one-disease-at-a-time approach, the new method analyzes heritable and environmental factors across hundreds of common conditions • Insights can propel genetic and epidemiological research for a range of diseases, inform clinical decisions, health policy
New research from the University of Chicago shows that healthy infants have intestinal bacteria that prevent the development of food allergies.
Complication rates following invasive diagnostic procedures for lung abnormalities were twice as high in community settings compared to those reporter in lung screening trials, according to an MD Anderson study.
More than 90 percent of B-ALL cases can now be classified by subtype, up from 70 percent several years ago. The number of proposed B-ALL subtypes is now 23.
Binge drinking, frequently defined as consuming five or more drinks per occasion, is associated with a host of societal and health risks. Young adults have higher risk for negative consequences of binge drinking (e.g. health and psychosocial consequences such as impaired memory, accidental injuries, violence, risky sexual behaviors, and poor academic performance) than other age groups. Furthermore, women typically are more vulnerable to such negative consequences than men. In the past, binge drinking usually escalated in late adolescence and the early 20s, followed by a period of “maturing out” (i.e., declining use) afterwards. It is unknown whether this developmental pattern for binge drinking has changed over time or whether it differs between men and women. These questions have important implications for efforts to prevent alcohol-related problems.
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