Feature Channels: All Journal News

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New clinical practice guidelines on the evaluation and treatment of patients with thoracolumbar spine trauma published today.

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Wolf 503b, an exoplanet twice the size of Earth, has been discovered by an international team of Canadian, American and German researchers using data from NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope. The find is described in a new study whose lead author is Merrin Peterson

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A new approach to atom probe tomography promises more precise and accurate measurements vital to semiconductors used in computers, lasers, detectors, and more.

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Progress in treating chronic illness, where the cause of the problem is often unknown, has lagged. Chronic conditions like cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease defy easy explanation, let alone remedy. In a new paper, a researcher at University of California San Diego School of Medicine, posits that chronic disease is essentially the consequence of the natural healing cycle becoming blocked, specifically by disruptions at the metabolic and cellular levels.

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Scientists at University of Utah Health report for the first time that a protein, called Staufen1, accumulates in cells of patients suffering from degenerative ataxia or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease.

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Coupling two models, one to predict how fast the fire will travel and another to estimate traffic flow, can help emergency managers determine when to evacuate residents during a wildfire.

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Scientists can now measure 3-D structures of tiny particles with properties that hold promise for advanced sensors and diagnostics.

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Clinical practice guidelines play a critical role in promoting quality care for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). A new set of guidelines for rehabilitation of patients with moderate to severe TBI – incorporating insights from the rehabilitation professionals responsible for providing care from initial assessment through long-term follow-up – is introduced in the September issue of the Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation (JHTR), official journal of the Brain Injury Association of America. The journal is published in the Lippincott portfolio by Wolters Kluwer.

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Using synthesis techniques, an ORNL team transformed waste sugar from biorefineries into spherical carbon materials that could be used to form improved supercapacitors, which are energy storage devices that help power technologies including smartphones, hybrid vehicles, and security alarm systems.

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A new Roswell Park/Stony Brook Children's Hospital study reports striking findings: that young users of newer “pod” e-cigarette devices are absorbing nicotine at levels approaching nicotine exposure from traditional combustible cigarettes.

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A new study that looked at nicotine exposure of adolescent e-cigarette users, specifically those who use the ‘pod’ vaping devices (ie, Juul), found that levels of urinary cotinine, a byproduct of nicotine metabolism, were even higher than what has been reported among adolescent cigarette smokers.

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Anyone with arthritis can appreciate how useful it would be if scientists could grow cartilage in the lab. To this end, Keck School of Medicine of USC scientists in the USC Stem Cell laboratory of Denis Evseenko, MD, PhD, collaborated with colleagues at several institutions to provide new insights into how gene activity drives the development of cartilage. Their findings appear today in Nature Communications.

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Researchers found that using bio-sequestration to capture carbon produced by U.S. coal-fired plants even after carbon capture and storage would require using 62 percent of the nation’s arable land for that process, or 89 percent of all U.S. land with average forest cover. In comparison, offsetting the amount of carbon produced by manufacturing solar panels is 13 times less land, making it a far more viable option.

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Fertilisation is a pivotal process underlying all sexual reproduction, yet its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Scientists at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) in Vienna have now identified a protein they called “Bouncer” as a crucial factor for sperm entry into the egg. Remarkably, this protein is sufficient to allow fertilization between different species. The study is published in the current issue of the journal Science.

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A New York State requirement that all hospitals report compliance with protocols to treat severe sepsis and septic shock appears to improve care and reduce mortality from one of the most common causes of death in those who are critically ill, according to a new study published online in the American Thoracic Society’s American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.

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A new article published in Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, walks allergists and other health care providers through the steps involved in shared decision-making (SDM). It also details what is, and what is not, SDM.

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Researchers have found a mechanism that links epigenetic changes to translational control during fear memory reconsolidation — several particular epigenetic changes in the hippocampus of the rat brain control downstream regulation of translation in brain neurons, acting through a gene called Pten.

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Two Weizmann Institute scientists, Profs. Eran Elinav and Eran Segal, have revealed that our gut microbes' relationship with probiotics may not be as healthy as we think

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Evidence left by a volcano under the ice sheet suggests that the observed bulging of ice in West Antarctica is a short-term feature that may not affect the glacier’s motion over the long term.

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Ever wonder why some people seem to feel less pain than others? A study conducted at Wake Forest School of Medicine may have found one of the answers – mindfulness.

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Writing in the current online issue of the journal Stem Cells and Development, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine describe development of a rapid, cost-effective method to create human cortical organoids directly from primary cells.

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Particle flow patterns suggest even small-scale collisions create drops of early universe quark-gluon plasma.

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Scientists uncover a way to control terahertz radiation using tiny engineered particles in a magnetic field, potentially opening the doors for better medical and environmental sensors.

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Efficient generation of photon pairs from modified carbon nanotubes shows path to new types of light sources.

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Women who suffered from sexual violence, even those who were not diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), had more intense memories – even years after the violence occurred – that are difficult, if not impossible to forget., according to a new Rutgers University–New Brunswick study.

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Research shows having a partner whom you feel understands you, and cares about and appreciates you is linked to better health and well-being. A Cornell human development expert and his colleagues have just discovered it also can lead to a longer life.

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Researchers at UCLA and Columbia University have developed a novel method for tracking the activity of small molecules in the brain, including the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine. Pairing tiny artificial receptors with semiconductor devices that are able to function in living tissue, the team was able to observe brain chemicals at a high level of detail.

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Astronomers using ALMA, with the aid of a gravitational lens, have detected the most-distant galactic “wind” of molecules ever observed, seen when the universe was only one billion years old. By tracing the outflow of hydroxyl (OH) molecules – which herald the presence of star-forming gas in galaxies – the researchers show how some galaxies in the early universe quenched an ongoing wildfire of starbirth.

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Wistar scientists have engineered a synthetic DNA vaccine shown to produce broad immune responses against these H3N2 viruses.

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Analysis of data captured during a long-term study of aging adults shows that those who report being very sleepy during the day were nearly three times more likely than those who didn’t to have brain deposits of beta amyloid, a protein that’s a hallmark for Alzheimer’s disease, years later.

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A study published in the journal Scientific Reports provides new evidence that ancient farming practices led to a rise in the atmospheric emission of the heat-trapping gases carbon dioxide and methane – a rise that has continued since, unlike the trend at any other time in Earth’s geologic history.

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There’s promise in specific immune system peptides – amino acid compounds that signal cells how to function – affecting brain activity.

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Ovarian cancer cells that interact with cancer-associated fibroblasts can mobilize glycogen as an energy source, leading to proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Blocking glycogen mobilization in cancer cells might reduce tumor spread.

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Notre Dame researchers have created an integrated framework to identify which neighborhoods would benefit most from green roofs – and provide city officials with a strategic approach to ensure the best return on their investment to beat the heat.

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Researchers from the University of California, Irvine have identified intrinsic cell properties that influence the fate of neural stem cells, affecting what type of brain cell they will form: neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes. This discovery could give scientists a new way to predict or control the fate of stem cells, improving their use in transplantation therapies.

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An international research team led by the University of California, Irvine has identified a system of communication networks that exists among organs and tissues that regulate metabolism. Findings from their study provide, for the first time, a detailed “atlas” illustrating how the body creates and uses energy, and how imbalances in the networks may impact overall health.

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Low vision devices such as magnifiers, talking materials and telescopic glasses are game-changers for the visually impaired. But a University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center study shows some older adults who have trouble seeing are missing out on the devices that can help them read, drive and socialize.

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Childhood obesity is a serious public health concern that can have a profound impact on children’s health and well-being. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are more likely to have obesity compared to their peers with typical development, data show

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Researchers view cells for hearing in 3D using virtual reality

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Marijuana use is becoming more prevalent among middle-aged and older adults, with 9 percent of adults aged 50-64 and nearly 3 percent of adults 65 and older reporting marijuana use in the past year, according to a study by researchers at NYU School of Medicine and the Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research (CDUHR) at NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing.

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The mystery behind lunar swirls, one of the solar system’s most beautiful optical anomalies, may finally be solved thanks to a joint Rutgers University and University of California Berkeley study. The solution hints at the dynamism of the moon’s ancient past as a place with volcanic activity and an internally generated magnetic field. It also challenges our picture of the moon’s existing geology.

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A study using EEG shows how the brain re-prioritizes information following changes in the environment. Past memory cues can have different effects on neural representations based on when they’re presented, suggesting that the brain has several different mechanisms to help boost memory performance following a sudden change in the priority or relevance of a given piece of information. Findings suggest that the brain can use several different methods to re-prioritize mental representations depending on how long they’ve been stored.

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A single dose of a new influenza drug can significantly shorten the duration of the illness in teens and adults, according to a study published in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine.

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Researchers Victoria Perez and Seth Freedman of Indiana University's School of Public and Environmental Affairs compared social media ratings of hospitals offered by patients with the extensive data available through the federal government's "Hospital Compare" website.

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A Roswell Park-led research team has linked the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer and resistance to treatment to a lack of androgen receptor expression in prostate cancer cells, identifying a new therapeutic target. Their findings were published in the journal Nature Communications.

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In a paper published today in Nature Communications, a worldwide team of researchers has used tree ring dating to confirm that two significant "cosmic events" occurred in 774 and 993 CE. Cross-cultural eyewitness accounts of red or "blood" aurora correspond with these years. The study measured carbon-14 content in 44 wood samples taken from five continents, including two samples from Mongolia provided by West Virginia University geographer Amy Hessl, a co-author on the paper.

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Researchers at Queen’s University Belfast have discovered a ground-breaking therapeutic process that can target and kill bowel cancer cells, which may improve survival rates for bowel cancer patients globally.

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Investigators at the UC Davis MIND Institute and NeuroPointDX, a division of Stemina Biomarker Discovery, have identified a group of blood metabolites that could help detect some children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Part of the Children’s Autism Metabolome Project (CAMP), the largest metabolomic ASD study ever attempted, these findings are a key step toward developing an ASD biomarker test. The research was published September 6 in the journal Biological Psychiatry.

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New research reveals patients with end-stage ankle arthritis can expect enhanced quality of life within six months of surgical reconstruction.

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Researchers at the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), part of the National Institutes of Health, have developed a system to accelerate the discovery of chemical compounds that inhibit an enzyme implicated in a number of cancers. The set of tools and methods, which the researchers used to test more than 16,000 compounds, is described in a new paper published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry.