Feature Channels: All Journal News

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Using genetic engineering, scientists improve biomass growth and conversion in woody and grassy feedstocks.

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Novel observations suggest a great potential of measuring global gross primary production via solar-induced fluorescence.

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New regulations on banks fueled a boom in nonbank mortgage companies, a category of independent lenders that are more lightly regulated and more financially fragile than banks. These lenders now originate half of all US home mortgages yet have little capital of their own.

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Mental health symptoms related to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder are associated with increased errors in a driving simulator and self-reported risky driving behaviors in adolescents, according to study in Nursing Research, published by Wolters Kluwer.

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Research suggests the common cold thrives in cooler temperatures. One recent study from Yale University found a seven-degree drop in ambient temperature can mess with your body’s ability to stop cold viruses from proliferating.

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An interdisciplinary, interdepartmental group of scientists at ORNL conducted fundamental physics studies at the nanoscale to support development of experimental platforms that will control dissipation in quantum systems and materials.

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After years of public health efforts, health care at the Los Angeles County Jail has significantly improved, and the facility now typically provides full access to treatment for inmates who have HIV — including medications that keep their disease in check. When they are released, however, many former inmates stop making regular visits to a doctor and taking the medication they need, which puts their own health at risk and increases the chance they will transmit the virus to others.

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Narcissists aren’t necessarily on the hunt for partners who are already in a relationship – but that doesn’t appear to stand in their way, either, new research suggests.

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New strategies in antiretroviral therapy, however, are charting a course for reducing dosages with longer-acting medications that have fewer side effects.

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Women who undergo hormone therapy to relieve menopausal symptoms tend to have less fat tissue, particularly in the abdomen, than other menopausal women, according to a new study published in the Endocrine Society’s Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.

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UNC School of Medicine researchers create a new screening technique to show that e-liquids are far from harmless to human cells and contain ingredients that can vary wildly from one type of e-cigarette to another.

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Scientists have found a genetic trigger that may improve the brain’s ability to heal from a range of debilitating conditions, from strokes to concussions and spinal cord injuries.

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Cells can avoid “data breaches” when letting signaling proteins into their nuclei thanks to a quirky biophysical mechanism involving a blur of spaghetti-like proteins, researchers from the Rockefeller University and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine have shown. Their study appears in the March 23 issue of the Journal of Biological Chemistry.

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A hot, metallic, Earth-sized planet with a density similar to Mercury - situated 260 million light years away - has been detected and characterised by a global team of astronomers, including the University of Warwick.Named K2-229b, the planet is almost 20% larger than Earth but has a mass which is over two-and-a-half times greater –and reaches a dayside temperature of over 2000°C (2330 Kelvin).

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Wistar researchers have found rationale for repurposing a class of antitumor compounds called HDAC inhibitors as a new therapeutic option for ovarian cancer with mutations in the ARID1A gene.

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Doctors recommend against taking antibiotics for viral infections because they don't work – antibiotics don't kill viruses – and do promote antibiotic resistance. A new study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis suggests another reason to avoid the pills: Taking antibiotics increases susceptibility to subsequent viral infection, at least in mice.

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An international team of researchers, led by Dr. Asier Gomez-Olivencia of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and including Binghamton University anthropologist Rolf Quam, has provided new insights on one of the most famous Neandertal skeletons, discovered over 100 years ago: La Ferrassie 1.

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Fiber-optic cables package everything from financial data to cat videos into light, but when the signal arrives at your local data center, it runs into a silicon bottleneck. Instead of light, computers run on electrons moving through silicon-based chips, which are less efficient than photonics. To break through, scientists have been developing lasers that work on silicon. In this week’s APL Photonics, researchers write that the future of silicon-based lasers may be in quantum dots.

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Using his own version of Harry Potter’s cloak of invisibility, Rutgers professor Andrew Norris can help make underwater objects appear invisible. Norris, a distinguished professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Rutgers University–New Brunswick, is developing honeycomb-like metallic structures that reroute sound waves to create the impression that both the cloak and anything beneath it are not there. Rutgers Today asked Norris to discuss his pioneering research, which could lead to improved acoustic technology, including better imaging under water, and biomedical applications, such as better imaging of tissue.

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A Kansas State University researcher is studying the risk of African swine fever virus in feed and developing ways to prevent the spread of the disease to the U.S.

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A new analysis indicates that if the land used to support animal-based diets were instead used for food crops, it would add enough food to feed a further 350 million people – more than the entire population of the U.S.

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When it comes to the special sauce of batteries, researchers at the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have discovered it's all about the salt concentration.

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Single crystal tin selenide is a semiconductor and an ideal thermoelectric material; it can directly convert waste heat to electrical energy or be used for cooling. When a group of researchers from Case Western Reserve University saw the graphenelike layered crystal structure of SnSe, they had one of those magical “aha!” moments. The group reports in the Journal of Applied Physics that they immediately recognized this material’s potential to be fabricated in nanostructure forms.

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A systematic study of seven antioxidants commonly taken by or suggested to benefit children and adults affected with mitochondrial disease provides intriguing clues that at least two compounds should be further evaluated in clinical trials. There are currently no proven, effective treatments for mitochondrial disease.

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The longevity and health improvements seen in animals on sulfur amino acid-restricted diets could translate to people, according to Penn State College of Medicine researchers.

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TAMPA, Fla. – Multiple myeloma is a rare incurable disease that is diagnosed in more than 30,000 people each year in the United States.  Only half of patients with multiple myeloma are expected to survive five years after their diagnosis. Moffitt Cancer Center researchers are trying to identify patients who are at a higher risk of developing multiple myeloma early in order to improve patient outcomes.

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Value in Health, the official journal of ISPOR (the professional society for health economics and outcomes research), announced today the publication of a series of articles centered on affordability in healthcare. The special themed section appears in the March 2018 issue of Value in Health.

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A team of researchers has developed a wearable, non-invasive system to monitor electrical activity in the stomach over 24 hours—essentially an electrocardiogram but for the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract.

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Working with cells that line the innermost layer of the blood vessels, Johns Hopkins investigators say they have made a leap forward in understanding the underlying biology behind pulmonary hypertension, a dangerous type of high blood pressure in lungs that ultimately leads to right heart failure and death.

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In advance of Major League Baseball's opening day on Thursday, new research from Indiana University's Kelley School of Business suggests that the risk of fans being hit by a foul ball or errant bat at games has increased in recent years.

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A University of Portsmouth academic has contributed to landmark reports that highlight the options to protect and restore nature and its vital contributions to people. Biodiversity – the essential variety of life forms on Earth – continues to decline in every region of the world, significantly reducing nature’s capacity to contribute to people’s well-being.

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.Scientists at the University of Southampton have discovered a new combination of cancer immunotherapy treatment that could improve patients’ survival rates.

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Microbiologist Emily Cope talks about her research on how altered microbiota composition or function influences airway inflammatory diseases, chiefly CRS as well as asthma and cystic fibrosis.

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Argonne scientists and collaborators have identified another elemental actor in catalytic reactions that helps activate palladium while reducing the amount of the precious metal needed for those reactions to occur.

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• Disadvantaged patients with kidney failure who received guidance from a trained navigator with a degree in social work were more likely to be eventually put on the transplant waiting list than control patients. • The difference in waitlisting among intervention vs. control patients became evident only after 500 days, however, at which point intervention patients were 3.3 times more likely to be waitlisted after 500 days.

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New research from Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center and MimiVax LLC, published in Clinical Cancer Research, shows that survivin — one of the most commonly occurring molecules in cancer cells — may be an attractive target for a broad range of immunotherapy approaches, including CAR T.

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A new study from the University of Iowa finds that people are more likely to suffer from insomnia on days when they do not behave well at work because they lie awake at night thinking about what they did.

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Plaques of a brain protein called amyloid beta are a characteristic sign of Alzheimer's disease. But nestled within the plaques are small amounts of another Alzheimer’s protein: APOE. Now, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have shown that an antibody not only targets APOE for removal but sweeps away plaques in mice. The findings could lead to a way to halt the brain damage triggered by amyloid plaques while the disease is still in its early stages, perhaps before symptoms appear.

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A public health research team at Washington University in St. Louis has taken one of the most effective diabetes intervention programs and made it more accessible by partnering with an existing home-visit organization.

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Michigan State University scientists are testing a promising drug that may stop a gene associated with obesity from triggering breast and lung cancer, as well as prevent these cancers from growing.

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An organic chemical compound shows effective antiviral activity against Ebola virus and several other viruses, according to a study led by Georgia State University.

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University of Wisconsin–Madison researchers Emily Setton and Prashant Sharma show that the common house spider and its arachnid relatives have dispensed with a gene involved in creating segmented heads, instead recycling leg genes to accomplish the task.

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In the face of more frequent and deadly events, University of Georgia disaster management expert Curt Harris argues that more regular citizens need to be prepared to help others in the event of a disaster.

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Optimizing the timing of targeted therapies for melanoma reverses tumor growth, and resistance can be mitigated.

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Saint Louis University researchers describe their success in an animal model in turning off the excruciating pain that often accompanies a colorectal cancer drug.

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A new study finds these stakeholder groups actually share many of the same concerns, notably risks to public health and the economy, while also acknowledging the potential ecological benefits. This means that both groups may be receptive to similar appeals for oyster restoration projects in the future.

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Childhood lead exposure was a problem in Flint long before the water crisis, but young children’s exposure to the toxin has been steadily declining since 2006.

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The most frequent and public opioid users may be the best available candidates for naloxone training, according to a new study from scientists at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

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Collaborators of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR have shown they can shield a sensitive, scalable 44-kilogram germanium detector array from background radioactivity. This accomplishment is critical to developing and proposing a much larger future experiment to study neutrinos.

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An international research team, led by Washington University in St. Louis, studied vocal expressions uttered by people in the United States, Australia, India, Kenya and Singapore, and found that people were better at judging emotions from fellow countrymen.In a separate study, researchers discovered that Aussies and Indians could read each other pretty well despite cultural barriers.