Feature Channels: All Journal News

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Research offers evidence that microbes and organic matter raise toxin levels, potentially helping improve mercury monitoring.

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There are two cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) in the human body that can be targeted to alleviate certain pathological conditions, including chronic pain. While the CB1 receptors are mostly found in the nervous system and are responsible for psychoactive effects, the CB2 receptors are predominantly present in the immune system. Studies indicate that CB2 is a promising target for immunotherapy, as well as treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and neurodegenerative diseases. It has also been shown that molecules blocking CB2 can reduce tumor growth.

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University of Iowa study is the first to dig deep into the differences in the way men and women handle excessive alcohol consumption.

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Researchers from the McKelvey School of Engineering and Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis are one step closer to delivering precise amounts of medication to exact location, repurposing an existing imaging "painting" method.

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As gray wolves return to Washington state, a new study finds that one species of deer is changing its behavior to spend more time away from roads, at higher elevations and in rockier landscapes.

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Columbia researchers have developed the first biocompatible internal-ion-gated organic electrochemical transistor (IGT) that is fast enough to enable real-time signal sensing and stimulation of brain signals. The IGT provides a miniaturized, soft, conformable interface with human skin, using local amplification to record high quality neural signals, suitable for advanced data processing. This could lead to safer, smaller, and smarter bioelectronic devices that can be implanted in humans over long periods of time.

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Having a family member with persistent opioid use may be a risk factor for young adults continuing prescriptions long after their own surgeries, a new Michigan Medicine study suggests.

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The Indigenous Peoples of British Columbia have been harvesting shellfish from specially-constructed clam gardens for at least 3500 years, according to a study released February 27, 2019 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE

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Eocene-aged sediments of Madagascar contain a previously unknown fauna of sharks and rays, according to a study released February 27, 2019 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Karen Samonds of Northern Illinois University and colleagues. This newly-described fauna is the first report of sharks and rays of this age in Madagascar.

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The same brain network that adults use when they hear angry vocalizations is at work in infants as young as six months old, an effect that is strongest in infants whose mothers spend the most time controlling their behavior, according to a new study in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Chen Zhao of the University of Manchester, UK, and colleagues.

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Medically high-risk patients and communication breakdowns between providers contribute to the difficulty of medication management for older adults receiving home health care, finds a study led by researchers at NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing.

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New research from Notre Dame could lead to regenerative therapies for people with injuries to their brachial plexus, a group of nerves that starts at the spinal cord and goes into the arm.

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The popular view that music enhances creativity has been challenged by researchers who say it has the opposite effect.

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Because of high out-of-pocket expenses, Ohioans who purchase subsidized health-exchange insurance often can't afford the care they need when they need it. That is a central finding of a new study from researchers at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine.

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Researchers at the University of New Mexico (UNM) recently solved a major gap in scientific literature by using mobile software technology to measure the real-time effects of actual cannabis-based products used by millions of people every day.

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New technology developed by a Washington State University scientist could help police officers predict where burglaries are likely to occur

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While fossil fuel emissions in New Delhi account for 80 percent of the air pollution plume during the summer, emissions from biomass burning (such as crop residue burning) in neighboring regions rival those from fossil fuels during the fall and winter.

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New research shows that fluctuation and severity of depressive symptoms are much better at predicting risk of suicidal behavior in at-risk young adults.

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This study examined whether prenatal vitamin use by mothers was associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) recurrence in high-risk families.

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High-risk younger siblings of children with autism are less likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have significantly lower autism symptom severity, and higher cognitive scores if their mothers take maternal prenatal vitamins during their first month of pregnancy, UC Davis research has found.

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The vast majority of patients with neurodegenerative disorders do not have specific gene mutations, but a single misbehaving protein – called TDP-43 – seems to be at the heart of these diseases. Pitt researchers have found a way to recreate and rescue TDP-43 pathology in a dish.

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A new way to create proteins that can sneak through HIV’s protective coating may be a step toward understanding the key components needed for developing a vaccine for the virus, according to researchers.

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Washington, DC--Strategies for limiting climate change must take into account their potential impact on water quality through nutrient overload, according to a new study from Carnegie's Eva Sinha and Anna Michalak published by Nature Communications. Some efforts at reducing carbon emissions could actually increase the risk of water quality impairments, they found.

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Only a minority of adults with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) seek treatment for it. Although women are more likely than men to seek treatment for most medical or psychiatric disorders, men are more likely to seek alcohol treatment. To understand the basis for differences in alcohol service use, researchers used a national, longitudinal study that included data on treatment utilization, the perceived need for help, and reasons for not seeking help for an AUD. They analyzed data from nearly 2,600 white, African-American, or Hispanic adults with a diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence in 2000-2001 who were re-interviewed in 2004-2005.

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BETHESDA, MD (February 27, 2019) – The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) is pleased to announce the publication of the ACG Clinical Guideline on Ulcerative Colitis (UC) in Adults, which was published online today in The American Journal of Gastroenterology and which serves as an update to the College’s 2010 UC guideline.

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By sequencing the entire genomes of tumor cells from six people with a rare cancer of the nose and sinus cavity, Johns Hopkins researchers report they unexpectedly found the same genetic changeone in a gene involved in muscle formationin five of the tumors.

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Hunter Hines has turned to Instagram to engage audiences in scientific exchange across the world and has come up with the right formula for success. He is encouraging other scientists to follow suit. His Instagram account @microbialecology currently has 55,000 followers and at the end of 2018, his account received more than 1.4 million views in a single week. The authors share their experience and knowledge about using social media in microbiology outreach at a global scale.

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High-tech radar and laser scans have uncovered a hidden military traverse underneath the infamous Alcatraz penitentiary, according to research led by faculty at Binghamton University, State University of New York.

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Soils all over the Earth’s surface are rigorously tested and managed. But what about soils that are down in the murky depths? Some scientists are working to get them the recognition and research they deserve.

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Veterinarians and agricultural inspectors who seek to detect and contain the spread of animal diseases can now turn to a newer, faster and less expensive biological detection system.

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A team of biologists has uncovered a mechanism that determines faithful inheritance of short chromosomes during the reproductive process. The discovery elucidates a key aspect of inheritance—deviation from which can lead to infertility, miscarriages, or birth defects such as Down syndrome.

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A team of paleontologists led by Virginia Tech’s Michelle Stocker and Sterling Nesbitt of the Department of Geosciences have identified fossil fragments of what are thought to be the oldest known frogs in North America.

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Around 40-60% of healthy adults carry around the fungus Candida albicans in their mouth or guts; in immunocompromised people, however, this normally harmless cohabitant becomes a deadly pathogen. A report in the journal GENETICS describes the genomes of three Candida albicans strains isolated from the barks of oak trees in an ancient wood pasture, providing genetic evidence that this yeast can live on plants for extended periods of time.

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The aptly named software Whetstone, which greatly reduces the amount of circuitry needed to perform autonomous tasks, is expected to improve the artificial intelligence of mobile phones, self-driving cars and automated interpretation of images.

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For nanomedicine to achieve the envisioned breakthroughs in disease treatment, scientists must learn why the immune system often responds inhospitably to these therapies. An NIH-funded team at the University of Colorado (UC) has assembled a clearer picture of the molecular activity that occurs when nanoparticles injected into the body are marked for immune system attack.

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Study shows that young adults may hurt themselves on purpose, specifically to feel physical pain

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Foam is widely used as a means of protection against impact, shock and vibration. Drawing inspiration from the peel of a pomelo fruit, Texas A&M researchers became the first to successfully develop a 3D model and simulation of a new nonuniform foam material.

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A new study helps determine the role of pesticides and pollutants during the course of the progressive neurodegenerative disease that has no cure.

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Examining the autoimmune disease at the molecular level led researchers to a specific molecule that could be contributing to the disease progression in patients.

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Nutrients increasingly moving to the deep ocean with strong climate warming could lead to drastic drops in surface ocean life and fishery yields.

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Scientists at the University of Southern California (USC), Queen’s University (Ontario) and Duke University have developed a new tool that can screen children for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) quickly and affordably, making it accessible to more children in remote locations worldwide.

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Infants exposed to antenatal corticosteroid therapy (ACT) to accelerate lung maturation have a clinically significant reduction in birth size, according to a new of study of 278,508 births published this week in PLOS Medicine by Alina Rodriguez of the University of Lincoln and Imperial College London, UK, and colleagues.

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Treating hospitalized, severely malnourished children with a lactose-free, reduced-carbohydrate milk formula does not improve clinical outcomes, according to a study published February 26 in the open-access journal PLOS Medicine by Robert Bandsma of the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, James Berkley of the KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme in Kilifi, Kenya, and colleagues.

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SEASIDE, Ca., February 25, 2019 – An international team of researchers, that includes CSUMB School of Natural Sciences assistant professor Nathaniel Jue, has published a major scientific step to understanding the biology of the great white shark, and how it’s genetic makeup may be useful in treatment of human conditions. The research findings, published Feb.

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The pros and cons of policing methods have been heavily debated for decades in the United States.Now, a Florida State University-led team of researchers has created a model to measure the differences between two distinct approaches to policing — the warrior approach and the guardian approach.Assistant Professor Kyle McLean said the concepts — which attracted interest after the release of former President Barack Obama’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing report in May 2015 — had largely been theory up until now.

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Radiologists quickly learn to read 3D mammography more accurately than they read standard 2D mammograms, a first-of-its-kind study by a UC Davis researcher has found. Published today in Radiology, the study led by Diana Miglioretti, UC Davis dean’s professor of biostatistics, found that radiologists who interpret traditional mammograms, which are two-dimensional, required little start up time for transitioning to reading digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), or 3D mammography, with improved screening accuracy

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A team led by José Bauermeister, PhD, MPH, Presidential Professor of Nursing and Director of the Program on Sexuality, Technology, & Action Research (PSTAR), at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing (Penn Nursing) designed the My Desires & Expectations (myDEx) tool to address cognitive and emotional factors that influence YGBMSM sexual decision-making when seeking partners online.

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New preclinical findings from extensive cell and animal studies suggest that cysteamine bitartrate, a drug already used for a rare kidney disease, could benefit patients with some mitochondrial disorders. No proven effective treatments yet exist for these complex conditions with severe energy deficiency

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New research explores stem cells in the rotator cuff in hopes of understanding why fatty accumulation happens at the tear site, instead of proper muscle healing.

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As if expecting mothers didn’t have enough to worry about, a new study published in Risk Analysis: An International Journal found that the quantity of delivery complications in hospitals are substantially higher during nights, weekends and holidays, and in teaching hospitals.