Feature Channels: Vaccines

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An extensive search and testing of current drugs and drug-like compounds has revealed compounds previously developed to fight SARS might also work against COVID-19.

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In this age of coronavirus, with vaccine experimentation moving at historic pace to the clinical trials phase, the ideal inoculation policy would emphasize age more than work-exposure risk, according to a study involving Washington University in St. Louis economists.

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A review of COVID-19 studies reveals a troubling connection between two health crises: coronavirus and obesity.

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Preclinical results for a COVID-19 vaccine candidate appear to distinguish this vaccine candidate from other vaccine candidates. A single nasal dose in mice gave a potent T-cell response at the lung mucus layer, including killer CD8+ T-cells that can recognize and kill virally infected cells.

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FACULTY Q&ASheria Robinson-LaneVaccine confidence is historically low in the United States, yet some workers are required to show proof of vaccination as a condition of employment. What does this mean for health care employees, and for other essential and non-essential workers, if a coronavirus vaccine is developed?Sheria Robinson-Lane, assistant professor and gerontologist with expertise in palliative care, long-term care and nursing administration in the School of Nursing; Samuel Bagenstos, the Frank G.

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Announcement of University Hospitals plans to participate as a site for the Phase 2/3 global study sponsored by Pfizer Inc. (NYSE: PFE) and BioNTech SE (Nasdaq: BNTX, “BioNTech”) of an investigational vaccine, BNT162b2, against SARS-CoV-2.

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Tweaking the adenovirus spike protein induces a more robust immune reaction for a cancer vaccine against gastric, pancreatic, esophageal and colon malignancies in animal models.

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Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have developed a vaccine that targets the SARS-CoV-2 virus, can be given in one dose via the nose and is effective in preventing infection in mice susceptible to the novel coronavirus. The investigators next plan to test the vaccine in nonhuman primates and humans to see if it is safe and effective in preventing COVID-19 infection.

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Scientists have developed an injectable drug that blocks HIV from entering cells. They say the new drug potentially offers long-lasting protection from the infection with fewer side effects.

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• Universal vaccinations can miss seniors, vulnerable people • Restricting firearms not significantly linked to homicides by other means • Commentary: Thanks to partnerships, community intervention on asthma pays off in post-Katrina Louisiana • Editorial: Protests inspire hope for change

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In the most comprehensive study of COVID-19 pediatric patients to date, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Mass General Hospital for Children (MGHfC) researchers provide critical data showing that children play a larger role in the community spread of COVID-19 than previously thought.

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A press conference on this topic will be held Tuesday, Aug. 20, at 9 a.m. Eastern time online at www.acs.org/fall2020pressconferences.

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Many viruses mutate so quickly that identifying vaccines or treatments is like trying to hit a moving target. Now, scientists report a new technique that can detect minor changes in RNA sequences. They present their results today at the American Chemical Society Fall 2020 Virtual Meeting & Expo.

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The release of massive amounts of proteins called cytokines can lead to some of the most severe symptoms of COVID-19.

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Mild cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can trigger robust memory T cell responses, even in the absence of detectable virus-specific antibody responses, researchers report August 14 in the journal Cell.

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Keck Medicine of USC launches phase 3 trial for COVID-19 vaccine. To ensure access for underrepresented and vulnerable populations, researchers are setting up a satellite location in the meat-packing community of Vernon, CA.

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A UW team has received a grant to develop a model that uses local data to generate policy recommendations that could help lower COVID-19 infections in King County, which includes Seattle.

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• Among US patients undergoing dialysis, those visiting dialysis facilities with higher proportions of minorities are less likely to be vaccinated against influenza, and the disparity seems to be increasing.

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As the world rushes to identify safe and effective vaccines and therapeutics to counter the COVID-19 epidemic, attention is turning to the next step: manufacturing these products at enormous scale.

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PDS Biotechnology, a clinical stage immunotherapy company, has announced positive results from preclinical testing conducted at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine of its COVID-19 vaccine candidate, PDS0203.

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A preliminary analysis of an ongoing study of more than 300 COVID-19 patients treated with convalescent plasma therapy at Houston Methodist suggests the treatment is safe and effective. The results, published in The American Journal of Pathology, represent one of the first peer-reviewed publications in the country assessing efficacy of convalescent plasma and offer valuable scientific evidence that transfusing critically ill COVID-19 patients with high antibody plasma early in their illness reduced the mortality rate.

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The study, conducted by an international team and led by RMIT University's Professor Christian Doerig, outlines a strategy that could save years of drug discovery research and millions of dollars in drug development by repurposing existing treatments designed for other diseases such as cancer.

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Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have created a COVID-19 vaccine candidate from a replicating virus. This experimental vaccine has proven effective at preventing pneumonia in mice.

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Despite disproportionately higher rates of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and death among people of color, minority groups are significantly underrepresented in COVID-19 clinical trials.

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Recently, several physicians hosted a press conference in which one physician claimed that the combination of hydroxychloroquine, the antibiotic azithromycin and the mineral zinc could cure COVID-19. The video footage of that press conference went viral on social media, and soon many social media platforms removed the videos for providing inaccurate, non-scientifically backed claims. But questions from the public may still remain.

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Value in Health announced new research showing that, across 20 low- and middle-income countries, supplementary measles immunization activities tended to provide more equitable vaccination delivery across socioeconomic groups than routine measles immunization programs.

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A vaccine developed about a century ago to prevent tuberculosis may also help prevent the transmission of COVID-19, according to two Missouri S&T researchers who examined the spread of COVID-19 among countries that require the vaccine and those that do not.The Missouri S&T researchers analyzed COVID-19-related death and incidence rates among nations that require the BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccine.

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On Wednesday in Dallas, just one day after the initiative was launched by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baylor Scott & White Research Institute enrolled the first patient in the world for the ACTIV-3 clinical trial. A second patient was enrolled the following day.

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A new study at the University of Chicago and Duke University finds that a new type of intranasal vaccine induces a strong immune response in lungs, with possible implications for COVID-19. The system uses nanofibers tagged with antigens to prime the immune system against a potential invasion.

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Galit Alter, PhD, Group Leader at the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard and Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, and Helen Chu, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, and UW Medicine physician, have recently published a paper which identifies five immune response markers which, collectively, were able to correctly classify both convalescent COVID-19 patients and those who did not survive the disease

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When a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available, 66 percent of adults are likely to get vaccinated, and have their children vaccinated as well, according to a new nationwide survey led by researchers from Rutgers University–New Brunswick, Northeastern, Harvard, and Northwestern universities.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had detrimental effects on global infrastructure sectors, including economic, political, health care, education and research systems, and there is still no definitive treatment strategy for the disease.

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The National Institutes of Health will soon launch a phase II clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of potential new therapeutics for COVID-19, including the use of investigational synthetic monoclonal antibodies. Davey Smith of UC San Diego is the protocol chair and answers questions.

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This clinical trial increased an understanding of how T cells mount a response to COVID-19 infection. These findings pave the way for diagnostic tests that detect COVID immunity based on T cells instead of antibodies. Research demonstrates that generating neutralizing antibodies rather than T cells, may not be sufficient for long-term immunity. New discoveries suggest that vaccines will need to incorporate T cell targets to generate lasting COVID-19 immunity.

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Summaries of recent Fred Hutch research findings and other news with links for additional background and media contacts.

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Immunization programs offered in low- and middle-income countries provide a high “return on investment” in terms of the economic costs of diseases that are prevented and the values of lives that would have been lost.

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Even if your child will be doing virtual learning in the fall, annual checkups and vaccinations he or she would normally get around back-to-school time should not be deferred.

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Questions around coronavirus testing and immunity are top of mind as the pandemic continues to spread and potential vaccines undergo trials.

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A leading COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center creates the groundwork for a newly launched COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial

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University of Kentucky virologist Rebecca Dutch answers key questions about SARS-CoV-2 and the coronavirus pandemic.

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As we observe World Head and Neck Cancer Day 2020 (July 27), nationally known expert Tom Thomas, MD, MPH, has set out to clear up misunderstandings about how one type of head and neck cancer is related to human papillomavirus (HPV), which has historically been thought of primarily as a cause of cervical cancer. Dr. Thomas is medical director, Head and Neck Reconstructive Surgery and Transoral Robotic Surgery, Leonard B. Kahn Head and Neck Cancer Institute at Atlantic Health System’s Morristown Medical Center and Carol G. Simon Cancer Center. He is one of the leaders of the Atlantic HPV Center.

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The George Washington University will participate in a clinical trial for an investigational COVID-19 vaccine.

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People who received at least one flu vaccination were 17% less likely to get Alzheimer’s disease over the course of a lifetime, according to researchers at UTHealth.

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An experimental messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) elicits protective immune responses in mice and non-human primates, researchers report on July 23rd in the journal Cell.

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As the global response to the SARS-COV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 approaches 200 days, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, the research and development arm of Baylor Scott & White Health, is accelerating its pace of bringing clinical trials online. Baylor Scott & White Research Institute continues to mobilize staff and resources, including components needed to integrate critical patient-safety measures at every participating site within the Baylor Scott & White system for industry sponsored drug trials, investigator-initiated drug trials and research studies, and observational and data studies designed to help increase knowledge around case trends, viral epidemiology, and care best practices.

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UC San Diego Health and the Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute will be sites for an accelerated national clinical trial to assess the efficacy and immunogenicity of a vaccine intended to protect against SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19.