Researchers are using the unique electronic “voices” produced by devices on the electrical grid to determine which signals are legitimate and which signals might be from attackers.
Andrew DeFilippis, M.D., M.Sc., will study archived blood samples from thousands of patients to determine whether the presence of certain lipids in a person’s bloodstream can be used to pinpoint women at risk for having a heart attack.
A two-year clinical trial that compared three drugs for diabetic macular edema (DME) found that gains in vision were greater for participants receiving the drug Eylea (aflibercept) than for those receiving Avastin (bevacizumab), but only among participants starting treatment with 20/50 or worse vision. Gains after two years were about the same for Eylea and Lucentis (ranibizumab), contrary to year-one results from the study, which showed Eylea with a clear advantage. The three drugs yielded similar gains in vision for patients with 20/32 or 20/40 vision at the start of treatment. The clinical trial was conducted by the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (DRCR.net), which is funded by the National Eye Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health.
A new study from the University of Washington, believed to be the first to look at the mental health of transgender children who have “socially transitioned,” finds that they had rates of depression and anxiety no higher than two control groups of children. The findings challenge long-held assumptions that mental health problems in transgender children are inevitable, or even that being transgender is itself a type of mental disorder.
Extreme heat can pose several health risks, such as dehydration, hyperthermia and even death, especially during sustained periods of high temperatures. However, a uniform definition of a heat wave doesn’t exist. As a result, public health agencies may be unsure of when to activate heat alerts, cooling centers and other protective measures. A University of Missouri School of Medicine researcher has developed a uniform definition of a heat wave that may help public health agencies prepare for extreme temperatures.
In a small, placebo-controlled clinical trial, Johns Hopkins physicians report that the antidepressant paroxetine modestly improves decision-making and reaction time, and suppresses inflammation in people with HIV-associated cognitive impairment.
A new cooling technique can both protect the brain’s speech centers during surgery and pinpoint the areas separately responsible for word formation and speech timing.
Inflammation is a Catch-22: the body needs it to eliminate invasive organisms and foreign irritants, but excessive inflammation can harm healthy cells, contributing to aging and sometimes leading to organ failure and death. Researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have discovered that a protein known as p62 acts as a molecular brake to keep inflammation in check and avoid collateral damage.
Research led by St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and the German Cancer Research Center shows molecular analysis is likely to improve classification and diagnosis of a rare brain tumor and advance precision medicine
A Kansas State University engineering team has received a three-year $400,000 National Science Foundation grant to track the wellness of special needs children at night and relate this sleep data to daytime learning and behavior.
People searching for something can find it faster if they know what to look for. But new research suggests knowing what not to look for can be just as helpful.
TAMPA, Fla. – Moffitt Cancer Center received a grant from the National Cancer Institute Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities to bring together researchers, trainees, new and early-stage investigators, and community health members to identify and prioritize region-specific cancer research, education, outreach and training needs.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, or JIA, is the most common form of childhood arthritis. It appears to be an autoimmune disease, caused by antibodies attacking certain proteins in a person’s own tissue. But no “autoantigens”—the proteins triggering an immune attack—have been linked to JIA.
Using a laser probe, neurosurgeons have opened the brain’s protective cover, enabling them to deliver chemotherapy drugs to patients with a form of deadly brain cancer. The findings also suggest that other exciting approaches such as cancer immunotherapy also may be useful for patients with glioblastomas.
U-M researchers genetically engineered a mouse that makes the protein that the body uses to produce human insulin, called proinsulin. By engineering the protein as a fluorescent protein, it reacted in a certain way when the researchers shined a fluorescent light on the mouse pancreas.
Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey researcher Michael L. Gatza, PhD, has received a $747,000 Pathway to Independence Award from the National Cancer Institute to explore the mechanism behind the development of a subtype of ovarian cancer. The aim is to identify what drives cell pathway activity so that novel therapeutic strategies can be developed.
A new study finds most cancer screening guidelines do not clearly spell out the benefits and harms of the recommended actions.
Contrary to popular belief among world relief workers, children in developing countries may not be eating enough protein, which could contribute to stunted growth, a Johns Hopkins-directed study suggests.
Historically, when a family member is terminally ill, the caregiving responsibility falls disproportionately on women. However, in recent years, more men have assumed caregiving roles, and previous research has found that gender differences in caretaking have decreased. Now, a researcher at the University of Missouri School of Medicine has found women still report more negative caretaking experiences than men. The researcher says that interventions are needed to support female caregivers and teach alternative ways to cope and ask for help in stressful situations.
The pathway leading to increased expression of TGF-β1 — which provokes the destructive lung remodeling of pulmonary fibrosis — involves Akt1 kinase-induction of reactive oxygen species and mitophagy, and alveolar macrophages are the primary source of TGF-β1 in the lung.
Worldwide, an estimated 25 percent of children under age 5 suffer from stunted growth and development. A team of researchers has found that inadequate dietary intake of essential amino acids and the nutrient choline is linked to stunting.
Researchers discover how a bat’s brain screens out sounds not worth paying attention to..
Once you’ve made it through lung cancer treatment, you want to make sure you catch it early if it comes back again. But a new study suggests that one approach to watching for a cancer’s return is being inappropriately used at many hospitals. And it isn’t helping patients survive longer, the research shows.
Researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have discovered that HIV infection of human immune cells triggers a massive increase in methylation, a chemical modification, to both human and viral RNA, aiding replication of the virus. The study, published February 22, 2016 in Nature Microbiology, identifies a new mechanism for controlling HIV replication and its interaction with the host immune system.
As men age, their testosterone levels decrease, but prior studies of the effects of administering supplements of the hormone to older men have been inconclusive. Now, researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and 12 other medical centers in the United States have shown that testosterone treatment for men over the age of 65 improves sexual function, walking ability and mood.
The National Science Foundation has awarded a $746,366 grant to WattGlass LLC to further develop the University of Arkansas’ patent-pending coating technology that makes glass anti-reflective, self-cleaning and highly transparent.
Tough emission controls have dramatically reduced the amount of toxic sulfate particles in air, but at least in the Southeast United States, they haven't reduced the acidity of the health-threatening particles.
A chemist at Washington University in St. Louis hopes to develop bifunctional compounds that can be both therapeutic and diagnostic agents for Alzheimer’s disease. In the first role, they would block the metal-mediated formation of amyloid beta oligomers; in the second, they would be loaded with a long-lived radioistope (Cu-64) and employed as PET imaging agents.
Yoshiaki Azuma, Ph.D., is analyzing the role of enzyme Topo II and how its functions may show how cancer mutations are born.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to estimate the rates of mutation as a function of the nearby sequences of DNA ‘letters’ -- called nucleotides. This new model not only provides clues into the process of mutation, but also helps discover possible genetic risk factors that influence complex human diseases, such as autism spectrum disorder.
In the first study of intravital microscopy in humans, Roswell Park scientists report that this approach for visualizing tumor blood vessels in real time during surgery is not only feasible, but that it revealed unexpected findings about the vasculature of human tumors.
NIH-funded researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital find surprising link between the death of tumor-support cells and an increased risk of cancer metastasis in mice.
Headlines about America’s worsening drug epidemic have focused on deaths from opioids—heroin and prescription painkillers such as OxyContin. But overdose deaths have also soared among the millions of Americans using benzodiazepine drugs, a class of sedatives that includes Xanax, Valium, and Klonopin, according to a study led by researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System and the Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania. Their findings appear online today in the American Journal of Public Health.
Reporting on the results of a phase III international clinical trial, Johns Hopkins Medicine physicians say use of a cardiac clot-busting drug to treat strokes that cause brain bleeding safely decreased the death rate in patients by 10 percent, compared to a control group receiving saline.
An international team of scientists, led by researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), have created the first comprehensive, cross-species genomic comparison of all 20 known species of Leptospira, a bacterial genus that can cause disease and death in livestock and other domesticated mammals, wildlife and humans.
The germinal centers that form in the body’s lymph nodes work as a fitness boot camp in which B cells evolve to produce antibodies of increasingly higher affinity to an invading pathogen. This new finding from Whitehead Institute scientists overturns a previously held notion that only a narrow range of B cells can survive this training and go on to secrete high-affinity antibodies. This revised understanding may aid development of effective vaccines against HIV, influenza, and other viruses that mutate rapidly.
The use of clot-busting drugs to clear blood from the brain’s ventricles may be the first effective strategy to decrease mortality for a type of catastrophic bleeding stroke, according to phase-3 clinical trial results. Treatment also significantly reduced post-stroke disability in some patients.
SBP researchers have identified specific ways in which fetal muscle stem cells remodel their environment to support their enhanced capacity for regeneration, which could lead to targets for therapies to improve adult stem cells’ ability to replace injured or degenerated muscle.
The increased cancer detection and reduced call backs associated with 3D mammography, also known as Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT), can be maintained years after a patient’s first DBT screening with regularly scheduled DBT imaging, according to a JAMA Oncology study published online today from researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
Can the degree of meningeal inflammation and cortical pathology be used to stratify early progressive MS patients? Roberta Magliozzi, Ph.D., Imperial College, London, UK
Dr. Palamar and his team of researchers are the first to examine whether ecstasy users are unknowingly or unintentionally using "bath salts" and/or other novel psychoactive drugs.
Biodiversity in bird communities indicates healthier ecosystems and may also be connected to local human communities' wellbeing. Michigan Tech researcher David Flaspohler looks at how bird diversity relates to bioenergy.
Epigenetic age is a new way to measure your biological age. When your biological (epigenetic) age is older than your chronological age, you are at increased risk for getting and dying of cancer, reports a new study. And the bigger the difference between the two ages, the higher your risk of dying of cancer. The research could be used to develop an early detection blood test for cancer.
In a new study published in the American Association of Cancer Research’s journal Cancer Research, a pair of investigators at Rutgers and Columbia universities has identified a gene that may provide a new source of potential drug targets for tumors that arise in pulmonary tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). The discovery may change what is known about tumor formation and help to slow or halt tumor growth, therefore having broader implications in cancer research.
Researchers are getting closer to learning how to turn white fat cells into brown fat cells, in a process called “beiging,” to bring down blood sugar levels and fight diabetes.
Attending public preschool is linked to an increase in students taking the admissions test for gifted and talented programs, reducing the disparity in test taking between disadvantaged students and their peers, finds a study of New York City students by NYU’s Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development.
Two drugs that mimic a common plant hormone effectively cause DNA damage and turn off a major DNA repair mechanism, suggesting their potential use as an anti-cancer therapy.
Swimmers and divers who are prone to a sudden and potentially life-threatening form of pulmonary edema in cold water could benefit from a simple and readily available dose of sildenafil, according to findings from a small study by Duke Health researchers.
Viewing graphic anti-smoking images on cigarette packs triggers activity in brain areas involved in emotion, decision-making and memory as observed via brain scans. Researchers from Georgetown University Medical Center and Truth Initiative reported their findings online this week in Addictive Behaviors Reports.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have used a precision sensor in a chicken embryo to find dramatic differences in the use of copper between developing and fully mature neurons.
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