Since the first laser was invented in 1960, they’ve always given off heat — either as a useful tool, a byproduct or a fictional way to vanquish intergalactic enemies. University of Washington researchers are the first to solve a decades-old puzzle — figuring out how to make a laser refrigerate water and other liquids under real-world conditions.
A recently published study from two Iowa State University scientists shows that a gene found only in a single plant species can increase protein content when introduced into staple crops.
New research from Argonne, Scripps Research Institute and Rice University now allows researchers to manipulate nature’s biosynthetic machinery to produce more effective antibiotics and cancer-fighting drugs.
Analysis results in greater understanding of important biological traits related to crop drought tolerance
Analysis results in greater understanding of important biological traits related to crop drought tolerance
Results of a new laboratory study by Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center researchers suggests that some rare “missense” mutations in the HER2 gene are apparently not — on their own — capable of causing breast cancer growth or spread.
Some nerve cells in the inner ear can signal tissue damage in a way similar to pain-sensing nerve cells in the body, according to new research from Johns Hopkins. If the finding, discovered in rats, is confirmed in humans, it may lead to new insights into hyperacusis, an increased sensitivity to loud noises that can lead to severe and long-lasting ear pain.
Some nerve cells in the inner ear can signal tissue damage in a way similar to pain-sensing nerve cells in the body, according to new research from Johns Hopkins. If the finding, discovered in rats, is confirmed in humans, it may lead to new insights into hyperacusis, an increased sensitivity to loud noises that can lead to severe and long-lasting ear pain.
Institutional and cultural pressures lead scientists to avoid risk-taking and choose inefficient research strategies, conclude two University of Chicago studies analyzing millions of journal articles and patents.
Our chromosomes contain all of our genetic information, and it’s up to telomeres – structures of proteins that cap off and protect our DNA at the tips of chromosomes – to preserve the vital instructions necessary for life. There are even specific molecules like TERRA (Telomeric repeat-containing RNA) that exist specifically to regulate telomeres and promote chromosome end protection. Now, a new study has found that TERRA can be found outside of cells and serve as a potentially important cell signaling molecule that induces an inflammatory response, and this activity may play an important role in the development of cancer.
The hippocampus, a brain structure known to play a role in memory and spatial navigation, is essential to one’s ability to recognize previously encountered events, objects, or people – a phenomenon known as recognition memory – according to new research from the departments of Neurosurgery and Psychology in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Their work is published in PNAS.
The hippocampus, a brain structure known to play a role in memory and spatial navigation, is essential to one’s ability to recognize previously encountered events, objects, or people – a phenomenon known as recognition memory – according to new research from the departments of Neurosurgery and Psychology in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Their work is published in PNAS.
According to a surprising new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on Monday, a decades-long decline in the death rate of middle-aged white Americans (age 45 to 54) has reversed in recent years. The causes are not the big killers such as heart disease and diabetes but an epidemic of suicides and substance abuse. The study was done by Nobel-winning researchers Angus Deaton and Anne Case of Princeton University.
According to a surprising new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on Monday, a decades-long decline in the death rate of middle-aged white Americans (age 45 to 54) has reversed in recent years. The causes are not the big killers such as heart disease and diabetes but an epidemic of suicides and substance abuse. The study was done by Nobel-winning researchers Angus Deaton and Anne Case of Princeton University.
A new study led by Colorado State University finds that the West Nile virus is killing birds — more so than previously thought — in the short- and long-term.
Chronic inflammation, closely associated with frailty and age-related diseases, is a hallmark of aging. Mayo Clinic researchers have discovered that inhibiting key enzyme pathways reduces inflammation in human cells in culture dishes and decreases inflammation and frailty in aged mice.
An international team of researchers, led by Penn State, has developed ultrasensitive gas sensors based on the infusion of boron atoms into the tightly bound matrix of carbon atoms known as graphene.
An international team of researchers, led by Penn State, has developed ultrasensitive gas sensors based on the infusion of boron atoms into the tightly bound matrix of carbon atoms known as graphene.
A study in the Nov. 2 issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences is the first to fully document the demographic impacts of West Nile virus on North American bird populations. Data from bird-banding stations shows more species were hit than suspected, and half of those have yet to recover.
A Tufts University chemist has discovered a way to select specific surfaces of single-crystal ice for study, a long-sought breakthrough that could help researchers answer essential questions about climate and the environment.
New research by a team of scientists led by Catherine Markham, PhD, a Stony Brook University anthropologist, reveals that intermediate-sized groups provide the most benefits to wild baboons.
Activating an enzyme that sounds an alarm for the body’s innate immune system causes two lethal autoimmune diseases in mice, while inhibiting the same enzyme rescues them, UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers report.
Activating an enzyme that sounds an alarm for the body’s innate immune system causes two lethal autoimmune diseases in mice, while inhibiting the same enzyme rescues them, UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers report.
Prof. Avihai Danon has discovered plants’ “off” switch for producing starch, 50 years after the “on” switch was found. Further, his team at the Weizmann Institute learned that the on and off switches are active at the same time, which is like driving while pressing both the gas and the brakes – but why?
A new study conducted by researchers from three institutions has examined in the role of negative citations in academic publishing. The researchers found that one in 50 citations from a major academic journal contained criticism of previous work.
Researchers find that permafrost organic material is so biodegradable that as soon as it thaws, the carbon is almost immediately consumed by single-cell organisms called microbes and then released back into the air as carbon dioxide, feeding the global climate cycle. Their findings are laid out in an article published today by the Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences.
NYU researchers have identified how brain rhythms are used to process music, a finding that also shows how our perception of notes and melodies can be used as a method to better understand the auditory system.
A new study led by neuroscientists from the University of Chicago brings us one step closer to building prosthetic limbs for humans that re-create a sense of touch through a direct interface with the brain.
In the past, whales, giant land mammals, and other animals played a vital role in keeping the planet fertile by transporting nutrients via their feces. However, massive declines and extinctions of many of these animals has deeply damaged this planetary nutrient recycling system, threatening fisheries and ecosystems on land, a team of scientists reports.
Researchers discover way to bypass faculty cell signaling that leads to muscle damage in Duchene muscular dystrophy.
Staphylococcus aureus is a formidable human pathogen. One of the bacterium’s most impressive weapons is α-toxin, which provokes the destruction of human cells. An international project allowed to identify the components of our cells that modulate the virulence of this toxin, in particular the PLEKHA7 protein.
According to a large study of dog DNA from around the world, the first domestic dog originated in Central Asia around 15,000 years ago.
Nearly 100 fossil species pulled from a flooded cave in the Bahamas reveal a true story of persistence against all odds — at least until the time humans stepped foot on the islands.
SBP researchers and colleagues discover a mechanism that regulates the aging and abundance of secreted proteins
When a Lake Malawi cichlid loses a tooth, a new one drops neatly into place as a replacement. Why can't humans similarly regrow teeth lost to injury or disease?
An international team of scientists have identified potential ‘tipping points’ where abrupt regional climate shifts could occur due to global warming.
A study led by Indiana University biologist Patricia Foster and colleagues has found that forces in the external environment and oxidation are the greatest threats to an organism’s ability to repair damage to its own DNA.
Many leukemias are caused by loss of the enzyme Pten. Some anti-leukemia treatments work by inhibiting another enzyme called Shp2. Researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have now found that mice lacking both of these enzymes can’t produce and sustain enough red blood cells. The study, published October 12 by PNAS, helps explain why anemia is a common side effect of anti-cancer drugs that target enzymes involved in tumor growth.
A world-first global analysis of marine responses to climbing human CO2 emissions has painted a grim picture of future fisheries and ocean ecosystems.
A new ISU study of sorghum explores the genetics of heterosis, the process by which hybrid plants perform better than the parent varieties used to create them.
Researchers have a new genome screen that has identified partner molecules of cell-waste disposal proteins. They applied their new method to identify other clock partners that target a multipurpose cell nucleus receptor for disposal.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins and the University of Washington report new research that sheds light on how the retina sets its own biological rhythm using a novel light-sensitive pigment, called neuropsin, found in nerve cells at the back of the eye.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins and the University of Washington report new research that sheds light on how the retina sets its own biological rhythm using a novel light-sensitive pigment, called neuropsin, found in nerve cells at the back of the eye.
University of Delaware professors say that the nation has fallen behind on offshore wind power. Their findings show that while offshore wind turbines have been successfully deployed in Europe since 1991, the U.S. is further from commercial-scale offshore wind deployment today than it was in 2005.
Scientists from Virginia Tech and the University of Bristol have revealed how pigment can be detected in mammal fossils, a discovery that may end the guesswork in determining the colors of long extinct species. The researchers discovered the reddish brown color of two extinct species of bat from fossils dating back about 50 million years, marking the first time the colors of extinct mammals have been described through fossil analysis.
Researchers have discovered how to predict some cardiac arrhythmias several steps before they even occur. It’s a finding that could lead to an improved cardiac device, with equipment designed to detect when arrhythmias are about to occur and then act to prevent them.
New research from an Iowa State University ecologist shows that agricultural inputs such as nitrogen and phosphorous alter soil microbial communities, which may have unintended environmental consequences.
Scientists at The Ohio State University Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute have identified a new genetic cause for congenital heart arrhythmia. The mechanism is due to defects in the regulation of the primary sodium channel, which controls the flow of sodium ions across the heart cell membrane.
A first draft of the “tree of life” for the roughly 2.3 million named species of animals, plants, fungi and microbes has been released, and two University of Michigan biologists played a key role in its creation.
A Kansas State University agronomist says a recent study on plant height in sorghum will likely be applicable to other economically important traits, such as crop yield.
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